Pesan lain Exim4 Transfer Agent (MTA) yang dikembangkan di University of Cambridge untuk digunakan pada sistem Unix yang terhubung ke Internet. Exim dapat diinstal di tempat sendmail, meskipun konfigurasi Exim yang sangat berbeda dengan yang ada sendmail.
Installation Instalasi
Untuk menginstal Exim4, jalankan perintah berikut:
sudo apt-get install exim4 sudo apt-get install exim4
Konfigurasi
Untuk mengkonfigurasi Exim4, jalankan perintah berikut:
sudo dpkg-reconfigure exim4-config sudo dpkg-reconfigure exim4-config
Interface pengguna akan ditampilkan. User interface memungkinkan Anda mengkonfigurasi banyak parameter. Sebagai contoh, Dalam Exim4 file konfigurasi dibagi di antara beberapa file. Jika Anda ingin memiliki mereka dalam satu file anda dapat mengkonfigurasi sesuai dalam antarmuka pengguna ini.
Semua parameter yang Anda konfigurasikan dalam antarmuka pengguna akan disimpan dalam /etc/exim4/update-exim4.conf.conf file.Jika Anda ingin mengkonfigurasi ulang, baik Anda kembali menjalankan wizard konfigurasi atau mengedit file ini secara manual menggunakan editor favorit Anda.Setelah Anda mengkonfigurasi, Anda dapat menjalankan perintah berikut untuk menghasilkan file konfigurasi master:
sudo update-exim4.conf sudo update-exim4.conf
Master file konfigurasi, dihasilkan dan disimpan di /var/lib/exim4/config.autogenerated
Pada setiap waktu, Anda tidak boleh mengedit file konfigurasi master, /var/lib/exim4/config.autogenerated secara manual. Hal ini di-update secara otomatis setiap kali Anda menjalankan update-exim4.conf
Anda dapat menjalankan perintah berikut untuk memulai Exim4 daemon.
sudo /etc/init.d/exim4 start sudo / etc/init.d/exim4 mulai
SMTP Authentication SMTP Authentication
Bagian ini meliputi menggunakan Exim4 mengkonfigurasi SMTP-AUTH dengan TLS dan SASL.
Langkah pertama adalah untuk menciptakan sebuah sertifikat untuk digunakan dengan TLS.Masukkan berikut ini pada terminal:
sudo /usr/share/doc/exim4-base/examples/exim-gencert sudo / usr/share/doc/exim4-base/examples/exim-gencert
Sekarang Exim4 perlu dikonfigurasi untuk TLS dengan mengedit /etc/exim4/conf.d/main/03_exim4-config_tlsoptions tambahkan berikut ini:
MAIN_TLS_ENABLE = yes MAIN_TLS_ENABLE = yes
Selanjutnya Anda perlu mengkonfigurasi Exim4 untuk menggunakan saslauthd untuk otentikasi.Edit /etc/exim4/conf.d/auth/30_exim4-config_examples dan tanda komentar pada bagian plain_saslauthd_server dan login_saslauthd_server:
plain_saslauthd_server: plain_saslauthd_server:
driver = plaintext driver = plaintext
public_name = PLAIN public_name = PLAIN
server_condition = ${if saslauthd{{$auth2}{$auth3}}{1}{0}} server_condition = $ (jika saslauthd (($ auth2) ($ auth3)) (1) (0))
server_set_id = $auth2 server_set_id = $ auth2
server_prompts = : server_prompts =:
.ifndef AUTH_SERVER_ALLOW_NOTLS_PASSWORDS . ifndef AUTH_SERVER_ALLOW_NOTLS_PASSWORDS
server_advertise_condition = ${if eq{$tls_cipher}{}{}{*}} server_advertise_condition = $ (if eq ($ tls_cipher }{}{}{*}}
.endif . endif
# #
login_saslauthd_server: login_saslauthd_server:
driver = plaintext driver = plaintext
public_name = LOGIN public_name = LOGIN
server_prompts = "Username:: : Password::" server_prompts = "Nama pengguna::: Password::"
# don't send system passwords over unencrypted connections # Jangan mengirim password sistem di atas koneksi tidak terenkripsi
server_condition = ${if saslauthd{{$auth1}{$auth2}}{1}{0}} server_condition = $ (jika saslauthd (($ auth1) ($ auth2)) (1) (0))
server_set_id = $auth1 server_set_id = $ auth1
.ifndef AUTH_SERVER_ALLOW_NOTLS_PASSWORDS . ifndef AUTH_SERVER_ALLOW_NOTLS_PASSWORDS
server_advertise_condition = ${if eq{$tls_cipher}{}{}{*}} server_advertise_condition = $ (if eq ($ tls_cipher }{}{}{*}}
.endif . endif
Akhirnya, memperbarui konfigurasi dan restart Exim4 layanan:
sudo update-exim4.conf sudo update-exim4.conf
sudo /etc/init.d/exim4 restart sudo / etc/init.d/exim4 restart
Configuring SASL Konfigurasi SASL
Bagian ini memberikan perincian tentang saslauthd mengkonfigurasi untuk menyediakan otentikasi Exim4.
Langkah pertama adalah dengan menginstal paket-bin sasl2.Dari terminal masukkan berikut ini:
sudo apt-get install sasl2-bin sudo apt-get install sasl2-bin
Untuk mengkonfigurasi saslauthd mengedit / etc / default / saslauthd file konfigurasi dan mengatur START = no untuk:
START=yes START = yes
Selanjutnya Debian-exim kebutuhan pengguna untuk menjadi bagian dari kelompok sasl agar Exim4 untuk menggunakan layanan saslauthd:
sudo adduser Debian-exim sasl sudo adduser Debian-exim sasl
Sekarang jalankan layanan saslauthd:
sudo /etc/init.d/saslauthd start sudo / etc / init.d / saslauthd start
Sekarang Exim4 dikonfigurasi dengan menggunakan SMTP-AUTH TLS dan SASL autentikasi.
Kamis, 28 Januari 2010
instal posfix
sebelum install postfix, hapus dulu paket exim4 yang merupakan default bawaan dari installan debian 4
sebelum instalasi pastikan komputer sudah terinstall apache2, php4:
1. Install postfix
# apt-get install postfix
#setelah instalasi postfix pilih internet site
# /etc/init.d/postfix [start|stop|restart]
2. Install courier-imap
# apt-get install courier-imap
# /etc/init.d/courier-imap [start|stop|restart]
3. Install courier-pop
# apt-get install courier-pop
# /etc/init.d/courier-pop [start|stop|restart]
# /etc/init.d/courier-authdaemon [start|stop|restart]
4. konfigurasi file main.cf
# vim /etc/postfix/main.cf
contoh konfigurasi :
——————
myhostname = mail.marom.com
mydomain = marom.com
alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases
alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases
myorigin = /etc/mailname
mydestination = $mydomain, localhost
home_mailbox = Maildir/
relayhost =
mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8 192.168.56.0/24
#mailbox_command = procmail -a "$EXTENSION"
mailbox_size_limit = 0
recipient_delimiter = +
inet_interfaces = all
————
5. Install squirrelmail
# apt-get install squirrelmail
6. Konfigurasi /usr/sbin/squirrelmail-configure
# /usr/sbin/squirrelmail-configure
buat konfigurasinya…
server software : courier
7. Buat Virtualhost squirrelmail
# vim /etc/apache2/sites-available/default
arahkan root direktori ke direktori squirrelmail (default:/usr/share/squirrelmail)
8. Membuat folder Maildir di user tertentu
# cd /home/marom
# maildirmake Maildir
# chown marom.marom Maildir/ -Rf
9. Membuat folder Maildir otomatis ketika create user
# cd /etc/skel
# maildirmake Maildir
10. Testing squirrelmail
Buka browser :
http://mail.marom.com
11. test POSTFIX(SMTP)
#telnet mail.marom.com 25
12. test POP3
#telnet mail.marom.com 110
semoga sukses…. semoga tulisan ini bisa bermanfaat bagi kita semua….. amien…
sebelum instalasi pastikan komputer sudah terinstall apache2, php4:
1. Install postfix
# apt-get install postfix
#setelah instalasi postfix pilih internet site
# /etc/init.d/postfix [start|stop|restart]
2. Install courier-imap
# apt-get install courier-imap
# /etc/init.d/courier-imap [start|stop|restart]
3. Install courier-pop
# apt-get install courier-pop
# /etc/init.d/courier-pop [start|stop|restart]
# /etc/init.d/courier-authdaemon [start|stop|restart]
4. konfigurasi file main.cf
# vim /etc/postfix/main.cf
contoh konfigurasi :
——————
myhostname = mail.marom.com
mydomain = marom.com
alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases
alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases
myorigin = /etc/mailname
mydestination = $mydomain, localhost
home_mailbox = Maildir/
relayhost =
mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8 192.168.56.0/24
#mailbox_command = procmail -a "$EXTENSION"
mailbox_size_limit = 0
recipient_delimiter = +
inet_interfaces = all
————
5. Install squirrelmail
# apt-get install squirrelmail
6. Konfigurasi /usr/sbin/squirrelmail-configure
# /usr/sbin/squirrelmail-configure
buat konfigurasinya…
server software : courier
7. Buat Virtualhost squirrelmail
# vim /etc/apache2/sites-available/default
arahkan root direktori ke direktori squirrelmail (default:/usr/share/squirrelmail)
8. Membuat folder Maildir di user tertentu
# cd /home/marom
# maildirmake Maildir
# chown marom.marom Maildir/ -Rf
9. Membuat folder Maildir otomatis ketika create user
# cd /etc/skel
# maildirmake Maildir
10. Testing squirrelmail
Buka browser :
http://mail.marom.com
11. test POSTFIX(SMTP)
#telnet mail.marom.com 25
12. test POP3
#telnet mail.marom.com 110
semoga sukses…. semoga tulisan ini bisa bermanfaat bagi kita semua….. amien…
instalisasi exim4
Untuk mengisntall exim 4 kita dapat langsung membuka terminal, caranya adalah klik Aplications->Accesorries->terminal.
Lakukan penginstalan dengan mengetik ‘apt-get install exim4-daemon-light mailutils’
contoh:
Hingga tampilan di bawah ini keluar,berarti penginstalan berhasil.
3.2 Konfigurasi Exim4
Setelah itu kita tunggu beberapa saat hingga proses penginstalan selesai. Setelah berhasil melakukan instalasi, lalu kita mulai mengkonfigurasi Exim4.
Lakukan konfigurasi Exim4 dengan mengetik ‘dpkg-reconfigure exim4-config’
Contoh:
akan tampil gambar seperti dibawah ini:
Pada tampilan ini kita diberikan beberapa pilihan konfogurai mail server yang kita mau.
Pilih salah satu dengan tekan tab dan enter.
Pada tampilan ini kita disuruh untuk mengisi domain name mail server yang mau kita buat.
Pada tampilan ini ketik 127.0.0.1 dimana IP ini yang akan digunakan selama melakukan koneksi dengan SMTP.
Pastikan daftar domain Anda, nama host, dan localhost terisi, ini ditujukan agar mail dapat diterima.
Kosongkan saja domain relay dan machine to relay mail.
Pilih “NO” untuk menyimpan DNS minimum
Kita bisa memilih "mbox" atau "Maildir" ketika ditanya tentang metode penyampaian yang digunakan untuk email. Walaapun kebanyan menggunakan format mbox, tetapi Maildir format secara individu lebih mudah penggunaannya, dan banyak didukung oleh berbagai aplikasi.
Pilih “NO” pada "non-split" untuk file konfigurasi default e-mail
Pada tampilan ini masukkan setidaknya satu alamat email eksternal (pilih salah satu yang sering Anda cek) di samping "root" agar ketika diminta untuk menentukan penerima surat. Setelah selesai,exim4 akan terestart secara otomatis.
3.3 Pengujian Exim4
Pada tahap ini kita akan melakukan pengujian pengiriman email dengan menggunakan exim4. Dapat dilakukan dengan mengetik ‘mail’..tapi yang pertama kita melakukan ini
lalu kita melakukan ini contoh :
Biasanya pada percobaan pertama,email akan terkirim atau sampai pada alamat yang dituju secepat – cepatnya 7 jam,tergantung koneksi yang digunakan. Kita dapat melakukan tracing terhadap email yang kita kirim dengan mengetik ‘tail –f /var/log/exim4/mainlog’ dan akan keluar tampilan berikut.
Pada tampilan diatas,ini menandakan bahwa email yang kita kirim telah berhasil terkirim. Dan berikut adalah tampilan email Yahoo yang digunakan oleh kami sebagai alamat percobaan pengiriman.
Namun untuk beberapa email server yang sudah terkenal seperti Yahoo mail ini,email yang kita kirim akan masuk ke dalam folder spam,dikarenakan alamat yang kita gunakan tidak terdaftar atau tidak dikenali.
Lakukan penginstalan dengan mengetik ‘apt-get install exim4-daemon-light mailutils’
contoh:
Hingga tampilan di bawah ini keluar,berarti penginstalan berhasil.
3.2 Konfigurasi Exim4
Setelah itu kita tunggu beberapa saat hingga proses penginstalan selesai. Setelah berhasil melakukan instalasi, lalu kita mulai mengkonfigurasi Exim4.
Lakukan konfigurasi Exim4 dengan mengetik ‘dpkg-reconfigure exim4-config’
Contoh:
akan tampil gambar seperti dibawah ini:
Pada tampilan ini kita diberikan beberapa pilihan konfogurai mail server yang kita mau.
Pilih salah satu dengan tekan tab dan enter.
Pada tampilan ini kita disuruh untuk mengisi domain name mail server yang mau kita buat.
Pada tampilan ini ketik 127.0.0.1 dimana IP ini yang akan digunakan selama melakukan koneksi dengan SMTP.
Pastikan daftar domain Anda, nama host, dan localhost terisi, ini ditujukan agar mail dapat diterima.
Kosongkan saja domain relay dan machine to relay mail.
Pilih “NO” untuk menyimpan DNS minimum
Kita bisa memilih "mbox" atau "Maildir" ketika ditanya tentang metode penyampaian yang digunakan untuk email. Walaapun kebanyan menggunakan format mbox, tetapi Maildir format secara individu lebih mudah penggunaannya, dan banyak didukung oleh berbagai aplikasi.
Pilih “NO” pada "non-split" untuk file konfigurasi default e-mail
Pada tampilan ini masukkan setidaknya satu alamat email eksternal (pilih salah satu yang sering Anda cek) di samping "root" agar ketika diminta untuk menentukan penerima surat. Setelah selesai,exim4 akan terestart secara otomatis.
3.3 Pengujian Exim4
Pada tahap ini kita akan melakukan pengujian pengiriman email dengan menggunakan exim4. Dapat dilakukan dengan mengetik ‘mail
lalu kita melakukan ini contoh :
Biasanya pada percobaan pertama,email akan terkirim atau sampai pada alamat yang dituju secepat – cepatnya 7 jam,tergantung koneksi yang digunakan. Kita dapat melakukan tracing terhadap email yang kita kirim dengan mengetik ‘tail –f /var/log/exim4/mainlog’ dan akan keluar tampilan berikut.
Pada tampilan diatas,ini menandakan bahwa email yang kita kirim telah berhasil terkirim. Dan berikut adalah tampilan email Yahoo yang digunakan oleh kami sebagai alamat percobaan pengiriman.
Namun untuk beberapa email server yang sudah terkenal seperti Yahoo mail ini,email yang kita kirim akan masuk ke dalam folder spam,dikarenakan alamat yang kita gunakan tidak terdaftar atau tidak dikenali.
Senin, 25 Januari 2010
imk (kisi-kisi uas)
1. Hal 157 (spiral model)
2. Hal 182 (Antar Mka Berbasis Grafik)
3. Hal 199 s/d Hal 200 (Bab II, Model Pengguna & Model Kognitif)
4. Hal 212 s/d 213 ( Gambar pencarian buta, pelajari gambar)
5. Hal 223 (urutan skenario penggunaan analisis hierarki tugas)
6. Hal 254 (diagram JSD)
7. Hal 273 (Bab X, Model sistem)
8. Hal 286 s/d 289 (Status, analisis dan event)
9. Hal 305, 306 dan 307 ( evaluasi design, cognitive walktrought, evaluasi heuristik)
1. Spiral mode = proses digambarkan sebagai spiral. Setiap loop mewakili sautu fase dari proses softwere softwere. Loop paling dalam berfokus pada kelayakan system, loop selanjutnya tentang definisi kebutuhan,loop berikutnya berkaitan dengan design system dan seterusnya. Setiap loop dibagi beberapa sector
a. Objective setting : menentukan tujuan dari fase yang ditentukan. Batasan –batasan pada proses dan produk sudah di ketahui. Perencanaan sudah disiapkan. Resiko dari proyek sudah diketahui. Alternative strategi sudah disiapkan berdasarkan risiko-risiko yang diketahui dan sudah direncanakan.
b. Risk assessment and reduction : setiap resiko di analisis secara detail pada sector ini
c. Development and validation : setelah evaluasi resiko maka model pengembangan system dipilih. Misalnya jika resiko user interface dominan maka di buatkan prototype user interface.
d. Planning : Proyek dievaluasi / ditinjau ulang dan diputuskan untuk terus ke fase selanjutnya atau tidak . jika dilanjutkan ke fase berikutnya, rencanakan untuk loop selanjutnya
Pembagian sector tidak bias dikembangkan seperti pada pembagian sector pada model variasi spiral dibawah ini.
Customer communication : membangun komunikasi yang baik dengan pengguna
Planing : mendefinisikan sumber . batas waktu , informasi – informasi lainnya seputar proyek
Risk analysis : identifikasi resiko manajemen teknis
Enginering : pembangunan contoh – contoh aplikasi . mis: prototype
Construction and release : pembangunan , tes , instalisasi dan support
Customer evaluation : mendapatkan umpan balik dari pengguna berdasarkan evaluasi PL pada fase engineering dan fase instalisasi
2. suatu aplikasi berbasis grafik biasanya memiliki
a. button
b. menu
c. Check box
d. Radio button
e. Single-Line TextBox
f. MultiLine TextBox
g. Drop-Down Menu
a. Button (tombol): merupakan suatu hal yang dusah biasa digunakan untuk output dan input aplikasi berbasis grafik. Selain itu juga di gunakan utnuk melakukan serangkaian aksi. Logikanya berhubungan dengan aksi yang akan di lakukan.
b. Menu : suatu tawaran yand di tampilkan di layar mengenai pemilihan operasi yang dapat dilakukan oleh siste. Macam – macam menu : main menu ,cascading Menu, Floating Menu, System Menu
Dalam suatu program ada metode umum yang terdapat disana seperti : file menu, edit menu,window menu, help menu, optional menu
c. Chek box : memberikan kepada user terhadap suatu pilihan. Byasanya mengizinkan user untuk memilih lebih dari satu.
d. Radio button : mirip seperti chek box tapi hanya mengizinkan user untuk memilih salh 1
3. a. model pengguna : yang berhubungan dengan kebutuhan user
• Socio-techical model : yang mewakili manusia dan persyaratan teknis
• Soft system methodlogy yang memperhatikan isue2 yang ada diseputar manusia
• Participatory design yang mempersatukan user secara langsung dengan proses design.
• Cognitive model yang merepresentasikan user system interaktif
b. Cognitive model yang berhubungan dengan user system interaktif
hierarchi model, yang mewakili tugas dan tujuan user.
Linguistic model , yang merepresentasikan system tata bahasa user
Physical and device model , yang merepresentasikan keahlian manusia
Cognitive architecture mendasari semua model di atas
Model Cognitive : suatu model yang berhubungan dengan system interaktif yang berhubungan dengan system interaktif yang bermodelkan aspek pengguna. Seperti pemahaman , pengetahuan , tujuan dan perosesan.
4.pencarian buta di bagi menjadi duabagian . Breadth-first search(pencarian melebar pertama) dan depth-first search(pencarian mendalam pertama). Pada pencarian melebar pertama , semua node pada level n + 1. Pencarian model root terus ke level ke 1 dari kiri ke kanan, kemudian berpindah ke level berikutnya. Demikian pula dari kiri ke kanan, hingga ditemukan solusinya
5. Urutan scenario penggunaan analisis hierarkhi tugas
keluarkan facum cleaner
peralatan pembantu
bersihkan ruang utama
bersihkan ruang tamu
kosongkan kotak debu
bersihkan kamar tidur
letak fakum cleaner
6.
7. Tipe dari model sistem adalah
a. Specific system : dialog sebagai model utama dan definisi kondisi penuh (full state)
b. Generic issues : model interaksi abstrak
8. perbedaan status, analisis event adalah being dan doing. Status selalu memiliki nilai yang dapat di refer. Event merupakan kejadian pada saat tertentu. Analisis status event ini terlihat di layer system yang berbeda , user layer (presentasi), dialog dan aplikasi. Pencarian event tercapai di setiap level dan status berubah pada setiap level.
9. evaluasi design, cognitive walkthrough, heuristic evaluation
Evaluasi design ini dilakukan setelah proses perencanangan. Evaluasi pertama terhadap system idealnya dilakukan sebelum implementasi dimulai. Jika perancangan di evaluasi, kesalahan dapat di hindari karena perancangan dapat di perbaiki sebelumnya. Evaluasi design terdiri dari cognitive walkthrough, heuristic evaluation dan review-based evaluation.
cognitive walkthrough suatu usaha yang dilakukan untuk mengenalkan teori psikologike dalam bentuk informal subjektif. Dengan kata lain ,usaha ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi perancangan dengan melihat seberapa besar dukungan yang diberikan ke pengguna guna memelajari berbagai tugas yang diberikan pendekatan ini dikemukakan oleh polson, dkk walkthrough. Dalam pendekatan ini terdapat beberapa isu yang timbul seperti :
a. Dampak interaksi apakah yang akan terjadi pada pengguna?
b. Proses kognotif apakah yang di butuhkan?
c. Masalah pembelajaran apakah yang mungkin terjadi
untuk melakukan cognitive walkthrough harus punya informasi yang dibutuhkan
a. Deskripsi dari interface yang dibutuhkan itu
b. Deskripsi tugas , termasuk usaha yang benar untuk melakukannya dengan struktur tujan untuk mendukungnya
Dengan informasi ini maka evaluator dapat melakukan langkah – langkah cognitive walkthrough
a. Pilih tugas
b. Deskripsikan tujuan awal dari usar
c. Lakukan kegiatan / aksi yang tepat
d. Analisis proses keputusan untuk setiap kegiatan
Evaluasi Heuristik di usulkan oleh Nielsen dan molich heuristic adalah guide line, prinsip umum dan peraturan, pengalaman yang bias membantu suatu keputusan atau kritik atas suatu keputusan yang di ambil ada 10 dasar heuristic yaitu :
a. Visibilitas status system
b. Kecocokan antara system dan dunia nyata
c. Control user dan kebebasan
d. Konsistensi dan standar
e. Pencegahan kesalahan
f. Pengenalan atas penarikan kembali
g. Fleksibelitas dan efisiensi
h. Berhubungan dengan keindahan dan design minimalis
i. Bantuan bagi user untuk mengenali mendiagnosis dan memperbaiki dari kesalahan
j. Help dan dokumentasi
tujuan evaluasi heuristic adalah untuk memperbaiki perancangan secara efektif
2. Hal 182 (Antar Mka Berbasis Grafik)
3. Hal 199 s/d Hal 200 (Bab II, Model Pengguna & Model Kognitif)
4. Hal 212 s/d 213 ( Gambar pencarian buta, pelajari gambar)
5. Hal 223 (urutan skenario penggunaan analisis hierarki tugas)
6. Hal 254 (diagram JSD)
7. Hal 273 (Bab X, Model sistem)
8. Hal 286 s/d 289 (Status, analisis dan event)
9. Hal 305, 306 dan 307 ( evaluasi design, cognitive walktrought, evaluasi heuristik)
1. Spiral mode = proses digambarkan sebagai spiral. Setiap loop mewakili sautu fase dari proses softwere softwere. Loop paling dalam berfokus pada kelayakan system, loop selanjutnya tentang definisi kebutuhan,loop berikutnya berkaitan dengan design system dan seterusnya. Setiap loop dibagi beberapa sector
a. Objective setting : menentukan tujuan dari fase yang ditentukan. Batasan –batasan pada proses dan produk sudah di ketahui. Perencanaan sudah disiapkan. Resiko dari proyek sudah diketahui. Alternative strategi sudah disiapkan berdasarkan risiko-risiko yang diketahui dan sudah direncanakan.
b. Risk assessment and reduction : setiap resiko di analisis secara detail pada sector ini
c. Development and validation : setelah evaluasi resiko maka model pengembangan system dipilih. Misalnya jika resiko user interface dominan maka di buatkan prototype user interface.
d. Planning : Proyek dievaluasi / ditinjau ulang dan diputuskan untuk terus ke fase selanjutnya atau tidak . jika dilanjutkan ke fase berikutnya, rencanakan untuk loop selanjutnya
Pembagian sector tidak bias dikembangkan seperti pada pembagian sector pada model variasi spiral dibawah ini.
Customer communication : membangun komunikasi yang baik dengan pengguna
Planing : mendefinisikan sumber . batas waktu , informasi – informasi lainnya seputar proyek
Risk analysis : identifikasi resiko manajemen teknis
Enginering : pembangunan contoh – contoh aplikasi . mis: prototype
Construction and release : pembangunan , tes , instalisasi dan support
Customer evaluation : mendapatkan umpan balik dari pengguna berdasarkan evaluasi PL pada fase engineering dan fase instalisasi
2. suatu aplikasi berbasis grafik biasanya memiliki
a. button
b. menu
c. Check box
d. Radio button
e. Single-Line TextBox
f. MultiLine TextBox
g. Drop-Down Menu
a. Button (tombol): merupakan suatu hal yang dusah biasa digunakan untuk output dan input aplikasi berbasis grafik. Selain itu juga di gunakan utnuk melakukan serangkaian aksi. Logikanya berhubungan dengan aksi yang akan di lakukan.
b. Menu : suatu tawaran yand di tampilkan di layar mengenai pemilihan operasi yang dapat dilakukan oleh siste. Macam – macam menu : main menu ,cascading Menu, Floating Menu, System Menu
Dalam suatu program ada metode umum yang terdapat disana seperti : file menu, edit menu,window menu, help menu, optional menu
c. Chek box : memberikan kepada user terhadap suatu pilihan. Byasanya mengizinkan user untuk memilih lebih dari satu.
d. Radio button : mirip seperti chek box tapi hanya mengizinkan user untuk memilih salh 1
3. a. model pengguna : yang berhubungan dengan kebutuhan user
• Socio-techical model : yang mewakili manusia dan persyaratan teknis
• Soft system methodlogy yang memperhatikan isue2 yang ada diseputar manusia
• Participatory design yang mempersatukan user secara langsung dengan proses design.
• Cognitive model yang merepresentasikan user system interaktif
b. Cognitive model yang berhubungan dengan user system interaktif
hierarchi model, yang mewakili tugas dan tujuan user.
Linguistic model , yang merepresentasikan system tata bahasa user
Physical and device model , yang merepresentasikan keahlian manusia
Cognitive architecture mendasari semua model di atas
Model Cognitive : suatu model yang berhubungan dengan system interaktif yang berhubungan dengan system interaktif yang bermodelkan aspek pengguna. Seperti pemahaman , pengetahuan , tujuan dan perosesan.
4.pencarian buta di bagi menjadi duabagian . Breadth-first search(pencarian melebar pertama) dan depth-first search(pencarian mendalam pertama). Pada pencarian melebar pertama , semua node pada level n + 1. Pencarian model root terus ke level ke 1 dari kiri ke kanan, kemudian berpindah ke level berikutnya. Demikian pula dari kiri ke kanan, hingga ditemukan solusinya
5. Urutan scenario penggunaan analisis hierarkhi tugas
keluarkan facum cleaner
peralatan pembantu
bersihkan ruang utama
bersihkan ruang tamu
kosongkan kotak debu
bersihkan kamar tidur
letak fakum cleaner
6.
7. Tipe dari model sistem adalah
a. Specific system : dialog sebagai model utama dan definisi kondisi penuh (full state)
b. Generic issues : model interaksi abstrak
8. perbedaan status, analisis event adalah being dan doing. Status selalu memiliki nilai yang dapat di refer. Event merupakan kejadian pada saat tertentu. Analisis status event ini terlihat di layer system yang berbeda , user layer (presentasi), dialog dan aplikasi. Pencarian event tercapai di setiap level dan status berubah pada setiap level.
9. evaluasi design, cognitive walkthrough, heuristic evaluation
Evaluasi design ini dilakukan setelah proses perencanangan. Evaluasi pertama terhadap system idealnya dilakukan sebelum implementasi dimulai. Jika perancangan di evaluasi, kesalahan dapat di hindari karena perancangan dapat di perbaiki sebelumnya. Evaluasi design terdiri dari cognitive walkthrough, heuristic evaluation dan review-based evaluation.
cognitive walkthrough suatu usaha yang dilakukan untuk mengenalkan teori psikologike dalam bentuk informal subjektif. Dengan kata lain ,usaha ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi perancangan dengan melihat seberapa besar dukungan yang diberikan ke pengguna guna memelajari berbagai tugas yang diberikan pendekatan ini dikemukakan oleh polson, dkk walkthrough. Dalam pendekatan ini terdapat beberapa isu yang timbul seperti :
a. Dampak interaksi apakah yang akan terjadi pada pengguna?
b. Proses kognotif apakah yang di butuhkan?
c. Masalah pembelajaran apakah yang mungkin terjadi
untuk melakukan cognitive walkthrough harus punya informasi yang dibutuhkan
a. Deskripsi dari interface yang dibutuhkan itu
b. Deskripsi tugas , termasuk usaha yang benar untuk melakukannya dengan struktur tujan untuk mendukungnya
Dengan informasi ini maka evaluator dapat melakukan langkah – langkah cognitive walkthrough
a. Pilih tugas
b. Deskripsikan tujuan awal dari usar
c. Lakukan kegiatan / aksi yang tepat
d. Analisis proses keputusan untuk setiap kegiatan
Evaluasi Heuristik di usulkan oleh Nielsen dan molich heuristic adalah guide line, prinsip umum dan peraturan, pengalaman yang bias membantu suatu keputusan atau kritik atas suatu keputusan yang di ambil ada 10 dasar heuristic yaitu :
a. Visibilitas status system
b. Kecocokan antara system dan dunia nyata
c. Control user dan kebebasan
d. Konsistensi dan standar
e. Pencegahan kesalahan
f. Pengenalan atas penarikan kembali
g. Fleksibelitas dan efisiensi
h. Berhubungan dengan keindahan dan design minimalis
i. Bantuan bagi user untuk mengenali mendiagnosis dan memperbaiki dari kesalahan
j. Help dan dokumentasi
tujuan evaluasi heuristic adalah untuk memperbaiki perancangan secara efektif
Sabtu, 23 Januari 2010
CCNA 4 - Final C
1. Identify the factors that contribute to congestion on an Ethernet LAN. (Choose three.)
** improper placement of enterprise level servers
** addition of hosts to a physical segment
replacement of hubs with workgroup switches
** increasing use of bandwidth intensive network applications
migration to full-duplex Ethernet within the LAN
2. Which of the following are examples of TCP/IP application layer protocols? (Choose three.)
** a terminal emulation protocol that supports remote console connections with various network devices
a protocol created by IBM that makes it easier for mainframes to connect to remote offices
** a protocol responsible for transporting electronic mail on TCP/IP networks and the Internet
a protocol that controls the rate at which data is sent to another computer
** a protocol that exchanges network management information between a network device and a management console
3. Which of the following eliminates switching loops?
hold-down timers
poison reverse
** spanning tree protocol
time to live
split horizon protocol
4. The show cdp neighbors command is a very useful network troubleshooting tool. Using the output in the graphic, select the statements that are true. (Choose two.)
CDP operates at the network layer of the OSI model.
** The output of this command displays information about directly connected Cisco devices only.
The switch is attached to the SanJose1 FastEthernet0/21 interface.
SanJose1 is running CDP version 12.0.
SanJose1 has two fully operational, cdp-enabled Cisco switches directly connected to it.
** SanJose2 is a 2600 series router running several routed protocols
5. A network administrator can ping the Denver router, but gets a ‘Password Required but None Set’ message when trying to connect remotely via Telnet. Which command sequence must be applied to the Denver router to allow remote access?
Router(config)# line console 0
Router(config-line)# login
Router(config-line)# password cisco
** Router(config)# line vty 0 4
** Router(config-line)# login
** Router(config-line)# password cisco
Router(config)# line virtual terminal
Router(config-line)# enable login
Router(config-line)# password cisco
Router(config)# line vty 0 4
Router(config-line)# enable secret
Router(config-line)# password cisco
Router(config)# enable secret cisco
Router(config)# enable cisco
6. Which of the following is associated with link-state routing protocols?
low processor overhead
poison reverse
routing loops
split horizon
** shortest-path first calculations
7. A router does not load its configuration after a power failure. After running the show startup-configuration command, the adminstrator finds that the original configuration is intact. What is the cause of this problem?
The configuration register is set for 0×2100.
The configuration register is set for 0×2101.
The configuration register is set for 0×2102.
** The configuration register is set for 0×2142.
Boot system commands are not configured.
Flash memory is empty causing the router to bypass the configuration in NVRAM
8. Which commands are used to verify the content and placement of access control lists? (Choose three.)
** show ip interface
show ip route
show processes
** show running-config
show cdp neighbor
** show access-lists
9. Which of the following are required when creating a standard access control list? (Choose two.)
destination address and wildcard mask
** source address and wildcard mask
subnet mask and wildcard mask
access list number between 100 and 199 or 2000 and 2699
** access list number between 1 and 99 or 1300 to 1999
10. Which of the following are keywords that can be used in an access control list to replace a dotted decimal wildcard mask? (Choose two.)
most
** host
all
** any
some
sum
11. Refer to the diagram. All ports on Switch A are in the Sales VLAN and all ports on Switch B are in the Accounting VLAN. How many broadcast domains and how many collision domains are shown? (Choose two).
3 collision domains
** 3 broadcast domains
5 broadcast domains
** 9 collision domains
10 collision domains
13 collision domains
12. Refer to the graphic. Using the most efficient IP addressing scheme and VLSM, which address can be configured on one of the serial interfaces?
192.168.16.63/27
192.168.16.158/27
192.168.16.192/27
192.168.16.113/30
192.168.16.145/30
** 192.168.16.193/30
13. What is the purpose of the Spanning Tree Protocol (STP)?
** prevents Layer 2 loops
prevents routing loops on a router
creates smaller collision domains
creates smaller broadcast domains
allows Cisco devices to exchange routing table updates
14. What is the purpose of a loopback address when using the OSPF routing protocol?
activates the OSPF neighboring process
** ensures a persistent router ID for the OSPF process
provides a backdoor for connectivity during the convergence process
streamlines and speeds up the convergence process
15. Which statement is true regarding states of the IEEE 802.1d Spanning Tree Protocol?
Ports are manually configured to be in the forwarding state.
** Ports listen and learn before going into the forwarding state.
Ports must be blocked before they can be placed in the disabled state.
It takes 15 seconds for a port to go from blocking to forwarding
16. Which sequence of commands is used to configure a loopback address on a router?
Router1(config)# interface loopback 1
Router1(config-if)# ip address 192.168.1.1
Router1(config)# interface serial 0/0
Router1(config-if)# loopback 1
Router1(config-if)# ip address 192.168.1.1
Router1(config)# interface serial 0/0
Router1(config-if)# loopback 1
Router1(config-if)# ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
** Router1(config)# interface loopback 1
** Router1(config-if)# ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.255
17. Which routing protocols are classful and do not support VLSM? (Choose two.)
EIGRP
OSPF
** RIP v1
RIP v2
** IGRP
18. Refer to the graphic. Two switches are connected together through a trunk port. SW2 displays the message shown. Which of the following will solve the duplex mismatch?
SW1(config)# interface fastethernet 0/1
SW1(config-if)# duplex full
SW1(config)# interface fastethernet 0/1
SW1(config-if)# full-duplex
** SW2(config)# interface fastethernet 0/1
** SW2(config-if)# duplex full
SW2(config)# interface fastethernet 0/1
SW2(config-if)# full-duplex
19. Refer to the graphic. Two routers have been configured to use EIGRP. Packets are not being forwarded between the two routers. What could be the problem?
EIGRP does not support VLSM.
The routers were not configured to monitor neighbor adjacency changes.
The default bandwidth was used on the routers.
** An incorrect IP address was configured on a router interface.
20. According to the the provided router output, which of the following statements is true regarding PPP operation?
Only the link-establishment phase completed successfully.
Only the network-layer phase completed successfully.
Neither the link-establishment phase nor the the network-layer phase completed successfully.
** Both the link-establishment and network-layer phase completed successfully
21. Frame Relay is configured over a point-to-point connection between two routers. The output of the show frame-relay pvc command indicates that the status of this PVC is inactive. Which of the following devices could be the source of the problem? (Choose two.)
local router
local Frame Relay switch
** remote router
** remote Frame Relay switch
R3 has the following configuration:
R3# show running-config
–some output text omitted–
interface serial0/0
bandwidth 128
ip address 192.168.11.2 255.255.255.0
encapsulation frame-relay
frame-relay map ip 192.168.11.2 30 broadcast
22. After the command R3# debug frame-relay packet is executed, a ping is issued from R3 to R1 but is unsuccessful. Based on the output of the debug command shown in the graphic and the router configuration, what might be problem?
** No clock rate assigned.
There is an incorrect DLCI number in the map statement.
An incorrect IP address exists in the map statement.
The encapsulation command is missing the broadcast keyword
23. Which statements are true regarding the Frame Relay LMI? (Choose three.)
** The LMI provides a virtual circuit (VC) status mechanism.
The LMI type must always be manually configured.
The available LMI types are NI1, DMS100 and 5ESS.
The LMI types supported by Cisco routers are CISCO and IETF.
** The LMI type configured on the router must match the one used on the Frame Relay switch.
** The LMI uses reserved DLCIs to exchange messages between the DTE and DCE
24. Which statement describes the process that occurs in Network Address Translation (NAT) overloading?
** Multiple private IP addresses are mapped to one public IP address.
The number of usable addresses assigned to a company is divided into smaller manageable groups.
A pool of IP addresses are mapped to one or more MAC addresses.
The router acts as a DHCP server and assigns multiple public IP addresses for each private IP address configured
25. Which two statements are true about the committed information rate on a Frame Relay link? (Choose two.)
The sum of the CIRs for all PVCs must be less than the port speed.
The sum of the CIRs for all PVCs must equal the port speed.
** The sum of the CIRs for all PVCs can be greater than the port speed.
** The DE bit will be set on frames that are transmitted in excess of the CIR.
Frames that are transmitted at greater than the CIR will be discarded at the source.
It is impossible to transmit frames at a rate in excess of the CIR
26. Which of the following commands would be used to troubleshoot the processing of call control functions such as call setup, signaling, and termination?
show interface bri0/0
show isdn active
debug isdn q921
** debug isdn q931
debug ppp negotiation
debug ppp authentication
27. Which of the following statements are true regarding PPP? (Choose three.)
** PPP can use synchronous and asynchronous physical media.
PPP can only be used between two Cisco devices.
PPP carries packets from several network layer protocols in LCPs.
** PPP uses LCPs to establish, configure, and test the data link connection.
** PPP uses LCPs to agree on format options such as authentication, compression, and error detection
28. A network administrator is evaluating authentication protocols for a PPP link. Which of the following reasons might lead to the selection of CHAP over PAP as the authentication protocol? (Choose three.)
establishes identities with a two-way handshake
** uses a three-way authentication periodically during the session to reconfirm identities
control by the remote host of the frequency and timing of login events
** transmits login information in encrypted format
** uses an unpredictable variable challenge value to prevent playback attacks
makes authorized network administrator intervention a requirement to establish each session
29. Why are static routes often used with ISDN DDR?
They are more stable than dynamic routing protocols.
They are more accurate than dynamic routing protocols because they are put in by a network administrator.
They are easier to modify when a faster technology is installed.
** They prevent the unnecessary activation of the link
30. Assuming that four bits have been borrowed to make subnets, identify the subnet network addresses. (Choose three.)
192.168.14.8
** 192.168.14.16
192.168.14.24
** 192.168.14.32
192.168.14.148
** 192.168.14.208
31. A switch can be configured for three different forwarding modes based on how much of a frame is received before the forwarding process begins. Each of the numbered arrows in the accompanying graphic signifies the point in a frame where a particular forwarding mode will begin. Which one of the following groups reflects the sequence of forwarding modes signified by the numbered arrows?
** 1) fast forward
** 2) fragment free
** 3) store-and-forward
1) store-and-forward
2) fragment free
3) fast forward
1) fragment free
2) fast forward
3) store-and-forward
1) fast forward
2) store-and-forward
3) fragment free
32. Which of the following commands will display a communication message on a router before the router prompt is shown?
** banner motd * Property of TLC. UNAUTHORIZED USERS WILL BE PROSECUTED TO THE FULL EXTENT OF THE LAW. *
message Property of TLC. UNAUTHORIZED USERS WILL BE PROSECUTED TO THE FULL EXTENT OF THE LAW.
banner * Property of TLC. UNAUTHORIZED USERS WILL BE PROSECUTED TO THE FULL EXTENT OF THE LAW. *
hostname (Property of TLC. UNAUTHORIZED USERS WILL BE PROSECUTED TO THE FULL EXTENT OF THE LAW.)
33. A router needs to be added to OSPF area 0. Which commands should be used to enable OSPF on the router? (Choose two.)
RouterA(config)# router ospf
** RouterA(config)# router ospf 1
RouterA(config-router)# network 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255 0
** RouterA(config-router)# network 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
RouterA(config-router)# network 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 0
34. Refer to the graphic. Which of the following commands will configure router A for OSPF?
router ospf 1
network 192.168.10.0
** router ospf 1
** network 192.168.10.64 0.0.0.63 area 0
** network 192.168.10.192 0.0.0.3 area 0
router ospf 1
network 192.168.10.64 255.255.255.192
network 192.168.10.192 255.255.255.252
router ospf 1
network 192.168.10.0 area 0
35. Which of the following protocols would exchange information between routers to share network addresses and their metrics?
TCP
** RIP
CSMA/CD
Ethernet
36. Which ISDN device can be directly connected to a two-wire local loop in a North American city?
a router with a serial interface
a router with an S/T interface
** a router with a U interface
an ISDN terminal adapter
37. The output of the show ip interfaces brief command indicates that Serial0 is up but the line protocol is down. Which of the following are possible causes for the line protocol being in the down state? (Choose two.)
The clock rate is not set on the DTE.
An incorrect default gateway is set on the router.
A network is missing from the routing protocol configuration.
** The encapsulation on the Serial0 interface is incorrect.
** Keepalives are not being sent by the remote device
38. Which of the following is a characteristics of TCP? (Choose two.)
** data transport reliability
best path determination
** establishing, maintaining, and terminating virtual circuits
encapsulation of packets in a data frame with source and destination MAC addresses
best-effort datagram delivery
39. Which statement is true regarding the command ip route 192.168.7.24 255.255.255.248 192.168.7.9? (Choose two.)
** A packet destined for host 192.168.7.30 will be forwarded to address 192.168.7.9.
192.168.7.9 is the destination network for this route.
192.168.7.24 is the next-hop router in this command.
This command is issued from the interface configuration mode.
** This command is used to define a static route
40. Which of the following application layer protocols use TCP? (Choose three.)
** SMTP
** FTP
SNMP
** HTTP
TFTP
DHCP
41. Which terms refer to Frame Relay congestion management mechanisms? (Choose three.)
** BECN
DLCI
** DE
** FECN
LMI
Inverse ARP
42. Which of the following router commands will verify that a path exists to a destination network?
Router# show ip interfaces brief
** Router# show ip route
Router# show cdp neighbors
Router# show running-config
Router# show protocols
43. When EIGRP is configured on a router, which table of DUAL information is used to calculate the best route to each destination router?
router table
** topology table
DUAL table
CAM table
ARP table
44. Refer to the graphic. Routers A and B have EIGRP configured and automatic summarization has been disabled on both routers. Which of the following commands is used on router A to summarize the attached routes, and to which interface is this command applied? (Choose two)
** ip summary-address eigrp 1 192.168.10.64 255.255.255.192
ip area-range eigrp 1 192.168.10.80 255.255.255.224
summary-address 192.168.10.80 0.0.0.31
ip summary-address eigrp 1 192.168.10.64 0.0.0.63
** serial interface on router A
serial interface on router B
45. A router with two LAN interfaces, two WAN interfaces, and two loopback interfaces configured is operating with OSPF as its routing protocol. What is used by the OSPF process to assign the router ID?
the IP address of the interface configured with priority 0
the OSPF area ID configured on the interface with the highest IP address
** the loopback with the highest IP address configured
the highest IP address on the LAN interfaces
the highest IP address configured on the WAN interfaces
46. Given the IP address and subnet mask of 172.16.134.56 255.255.255.224, on which subnetwork does this address reside?
172.0.0.0
172.16.134.0
** 172.16.134.32
172.16.134.48
172.16.134.47
172.16.134.63
47. Which commands show when the last IGRP routing update was received? (Choose two.)
** Router# show ip protocols
Router# show version
Router# show interfaces
Router# show ip updates
** Router# show ip route
48. When using access control lists to filter traffic, which of the following is used to track multiple sessions occurring between hosts?
IP addresses
subnet masks
** port numbers
routed protocols
routing protocols
interfaces
49. Given the IP address and subnet mask of 172.16.134.64 255.255.255.224, which of the following would describe this address?
This is a useable host address.
This is a broadcast address.
** This is a network address.
This is not a valid address
50. The company network shown in the drawing has to be subnetted. The company has leased the Class C IP address of 200.1.2.0. Which of the following network addresses and masks would be appropriate for one of the subnetworks?
200.1.2.96 255.255.255.192
** 200.1.2.160 255.255.255.224
200.1.2.80 255.255.255.224
200.1.2.32 255.255.255.240
** improper placement of enterprise level servers
** addition of hosts to a physical segment
replacement of hubs with workgroup switches
** increasing use of bandwidth intensive network applications
migration to full-duplex Ethernet within the LAN
2. Which of the following are examples of TCP/IP application layer protocols? (Choose three.)
** a terminal emulation protocol that supports remote console connections with various network devices
a protocol created by IBM that makes it easier for mainframes to connect to remote offices
** a protocol responsible for transporting electronic mail on TCP/IP networks and the Internet
a protocol that controls the rate at which data is sent to another computer
** a protocol that exchanges network management information between a network device and a management console
3. Which of the following eliminates switching loops?
hold-down timers
poison reverse
** spanning tree protocol
time to live
split horizon protocol
4. The show cdp neighbors command is a very useful network troubleshooting tool. Using the output in the graphic, select the statements that are true. (Choose two.)
CDP operates at the network layer of the OSI model.
** The output of this command displays information about directly connected Cisco devices only.
The switch is attached to the SanJose1 FastEthernet0/21 interface.
SanJose1 is running CDP version 12.0.
SanJose1 has two fully operational, cdp-enabled Cisco switches directly connected to it.
** SanJose2 is a 2600 series router running several routed protocols
5. A network administrator can ping the Denver router, but gets a ‘Password Required but None Set’ message when trying to connect remotely via Telnet. Which command sequence must be applied to the Denver router to allow remote access?
Router(config)# line console 0
Router(config-line)# login
Router(config-line)# password cisco
** Router(config)# line vty 0 4
** Router(config-line)# login
** Router(config-line)# password cisco
Router(config)# line virtual terminal
Router(config-line)# enable login
Router(config-line)# password cisco
Router(config)# line vty 0 4
Router(config-line)# enable secret
Router(config-line)# password cisco
Router(config)# enable secret cisco
Router(config)# enable cisco
6. Which of the following is associated with link-state routing protocols?
low processor overhead
poison reverse
routing loops
split horizon
** shortest-path first calculations
7. A router does not load its configuration after a power failure. After running the show startup-configuration command, the adminstrator finds that the original configuration is intact. What is the cause of this problem?
The configuration register is set for 0×2100.
The configuration register is set for 0×2101.
The configuration register is set for 0×2102.
** The configuration register is set for 0×2142.
Boot system commands are not configured.
Flash memory is empty causing the router to bypass the configuration in NVRAM
8. Which commands are used to verify the content and placement of access control lists? (Choose three.)
** show ip interface
show ip route
show processes
** show running-config
show cdp neighbor
** show access-lists
9. Which of the following are required when creating a standard access control list? (Choose two.)
destination address and wildcard mask
** source address and wildcard mask
subnet mask and wildcard mask
access list number between 100 and 199 or 2000 and 2699
** access list number between 1 and 99 or 1300 to 1999
10. Which of the following are keywords that can be used in an access control list to replace a dotted decimal wildcard mask? (Choose two.)
most
** host
all
** any
some
sum
11. Refer to the diagram. All ports on Switch A are in the Sales VLAN and all ports on Switch B are in the Accounting VLAN. How many broadcast domains and how many collision domains are shown? (Choose two).
3 collision domains
** 3 broadcast domains
5 broadcast domains
** 9 collision domains
10 collision domains
13 collision domains
12. Refer to the graphic. Using the most efficient IP addressing scheme and VLSM, which address can be configured on one of the serial interfaces?
192.168.16.63/27
192.168.16.158/27
192.168.16.192/27
192.168.16.113/30
192.168.16.145/30
** 192.168.16.193/30
13. What is the purpose of the Spanning Tree Protocol (STP)?
** prevents Layer 2 loops
prevents routing loops on a router
creates smaller collision domains
creates smaller broadcast domains
allows Cisco devices to exchange routing table updates
14. What is the purpose of a loopback address when using the OSPF routing protocol?
activates the OSPF neighboring process
** ensures a persistent router ID for the OSPF process
provides a backdoor for connectivity during the convergence process
streamlines and speeds up the convergence process
15. Which statement is true regarding states of the IEEE 802.1d Spanning Tree Protocol?
Ports are manually configured to be in the forwarding state.
** Ports listen and learn before going into the forwarding state.
Ports must be blocked before they can be placed in the disabled state.
It takes 15 seconds for a port to go from blocking to forwarding
16. Which sequence of commands is used to configure a loopback address on a router?
Router1(config)# interface loopback 1
Router1(config-if)# ip address 192.168.1.1
Router1(config)# interface serial 0/0
Router1(config-if)# loopback 1
Router1(config-if)# ip address 192.168.1.1
Router1(config)# interface serial 0/0
Router1(config-if)# loopback 1
Router1(config-if)# ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
** Router1(config)# interface loopback 1
** Router1(config-if)# ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.255
17. Which routing protocols are classful and do not support VLSM? (Choose two.)
EIGRP
OSPF
** RIP v1
RIP v2
** IGRP
18. Refer to the graphic. Two switches are connected together through a trunk port. SW2 displays the message shown. Which of the following will solve the duplex mismatch?
SW1(config)# interface fastethernet 0/1
SW1(config-if)# duplex full
SW1(config)# interface fastethernet 0/1
SW1(config-if)# full-duplex
** SW2(config)# interface fastethernet 0/1
** SW2(config-if)# duplex full
SW2(config)# interface fastethernet 0/1
SW2(config-if)# full-duplex
19. Refer to the graphic. Two routers have been configured to use EIGRP. Packets are not being forwarded between the two routers. What could be the problem?
EIGRP does not support VLSM.
The routers were not configured to monitor neighbor adjacency changes.
The default bandwidth was used on the routers.
** An incorrect IP address was configured on a router interface.
20. According to the the provided router output, which of the following statements is true regarding PPP operation?
Only the link-establishment phase completed successfully.
Only the network-layer phase completed successfully.
Neither the link-establishment phase nor the the network-layer phase completed successfully.
** Both the link-establishment and network-layer phase completed successfully
21. Frame Relay is configured over a point-to-point connection between two routers. The output of the show frame-relay pvc command indicates that the status of this PVC is inactive. Which of the following devices could be the source of the problem? (Choose two.)
local router
local Frame Relay switch
** remote router
** remote Frame Relay switch
R3 has the following configuration:
R3# show running-config
–some output text omitted–
interface serial0/0
bandwidth 128
ip address 192.168.11.2 255.255.255.0
encapsulation frame-relay
frame-relay map ip 192.168.11.2 30 broadcast
22. After the command R3# debug frame-relay packet is executed, a ping is issued from R3 to R1 but is unsuccessful. Based on the output of the debug command shown in the graphic and the router configuration, what might be problem?
** No clock rate assigned.
There is an incorrect DLCI number in the map statement.
An incorrect IP address exists in the map statement.
The encapsulation command is missing the broadcast keyword
23. Which statements are true regarding the Frame Relay LMI? (Choose three.)
** The LMI provides a virtual circuit (VC) status mechanism.
The LMI type must always be manually configured.
The available LMI types are NI1, DMS100 and 5ESS.
The LMI types supported by Cisco routers are CISCO and IETF.
** The LMI type configured on the router must match the one used on the Frame Relay switch.
** The LMI uses reserved DLCIs to exchange messages between the DTE and DCE
24. Which statement describes the process that occurs in Network Address Translation (NAT) overloading?
** Multiple private IP addresses are mapped to one public IP address.
The number of usable addresses assigned to a company is divided into smaller manageable groups.
A pool of IP addresses are mapped to one or more MAC addresses.
The router acts as a DHCP server and assigns multiple public IP addresses for each private IP address configured
25. Which two statements are true about the committed information rate on a Frame Relay link? (Choose two.)
The sum of the CIRs for all PVCs must be less than the port speed.
The sum of the CIRs for all PVCs must equal the port speed.
** The sum of the CIRs for all PVCs can be greater than the port speed.
** The DE bit will be set on frames that are transmitted in excess of the CIR.
Frames that are transmitted at greater than the CIR will be discarded at the source.
It is impossible to transmit frames at a rate in excess of the CIR
26. Which of the following commands would be used to troubleshoot the processing of call control functions such as call setup, signaling, and termination?
show interface bri0/0
show isdn active
debug isdn q921
** debug isdn q931
debug ppp negotiation
debug ppp authentication
27. Which of the following statements are true regarding PPP? (Choose three.)
** PPP can use synchronous and asynchronous physical media.
PPP can only be used between two Cisco devices.
PPP carries packets from several network layer protocols in LCPs.
** PPP uses LCPs to establish, configure, and test the data link connection.
** PPP uses LCPs to agree on format options such as authentication, compression, and error detection
28. A network administrator is evaluating authentication protocols for a PPP link. Which of the following reasons might lead to the selection of CHAP over PAP as the authentication protocol? (Choose three.)
establishes identities with a two-way handshake
** uses a three-way authentication periodically during the session to reconfirm identities
control by the remote host of the frequency and timing of login events
** transmits login information in encrypted format
** uses an unpredictable variable challenge value to prevent playback attacks
makes authorized network administrator intervention a requirement to establish each session
29. Why are static routes often used with ISDN DDR?
They are more stable than dynamic routing protocols.
They are more accurate than dynamic routing protocols because they are put in by a network administrator.
They are easier to modify when a faster technology is installed.
** They prevent the unnecessary activation of the link
30. Assuming that four bits have been borrowed to make subnets, identify the subnet network addresses. (Choose three.)
192.168.14.8
** 192.168.14.16
192.168.14.24
** 192.168.14.32
192.168.14.148
** 192.168.14.208
31. A switch can be configured for three different forwarding modes based on how much of a frame is received before the forwarding process begins. Each of the numbered arrows in the accompanying graphic signifies the point in a frame where a particular forwarding mode will begin. Which one of the following groups reflects the sequence of forwarding modes signified by the numbered arrows?
** 1) fast forward
** 2) fragment free
** 3) store-and-forward
1) store-and-forward
2) fragment free
3) fast forward
1) fragment free
2) fast forward
3) store-and-forward
1) fast forward
2) store-and-forward
3) fragment free
32. Which of the following commands will display a communication message on a router before the router prompt is shown?
** banner motd * Property of TLC. UNAUTHORIZED USERS WILL BE PROSECUTED TO THE FULL EXTENT OF THE LAW. *
message Property of TLC. UNAUTHORIZED USERS WILL BE PROSECUTED TO THE FULL EXTENT OF THE LAW.
banner * Property of TLC. UNAUTHORIZED USERS WILL BE PROSECUTED TO THE FULL EXTENT OF THE LAW. *
hostname (Property of TLC. UNAUTHORIZED USERS WILL BE PROSECUTED TO THE FULL EXTENT OF THE LAW.)
33. A router needs to be added to OSPF area 0. Which commands should be used to enable OSPF on the router? (Choose two.)
RouterA(config)# router ospf
** RouterA(config)# router ospf 1
RouterA(config-router)# network 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255 0
** RouterA(config-router)# network 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
RouterA(config-router)# network 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 0
34. Refer to the graphic. Which of the following commands will configure router A for OSPF?
router ospf 1
network 192.168.10.0
** router ospf 1
** network 192.168.10.64 0.0.0.63 area 0
** network 192.168.10.192 0.0.0.3 area 0
router ospf 1
network 192.168.10.64 255.255.255.192
network 192.168.10.192 255.255.255.252
router ospf 1
network 192.168.10.0 area 0
35. Which of the following protocols would exchange information between routers to share network addresses and their metrics?
TCP
** RIP
CSMA/CD
Ethernet
36. Which ISDN device can be directly connected to a two-wire local loop in a North American city?
a router with a serial interface
a router with an S/T interface
** a router with a U interface
an ISDN terminal adapter
37. The output of the show ip interfaces brief command indicates that Serial0 is up but the line protocol is down. Which of the following are possible causes for the line protocol being in the down state? (Choose two.)
The clock rate is not set on the DTE.
An incorrect default gateway is set on the router.
A network is missing from the routing protocol configuration.
** The encapsulation on the Serial0 interface is incorrect.
** Keepalives are not being sent by the remote device
38. Which of the following is a characteristics of TCP? (Choose two.)
** data transport reliability
best path determination
** establishing, maintaining, and terminating virtual circuits
encapsulation of packets in a data frame with source and destination MAC addresses
best-effort datagram delivery
39. Which statement is true regarding the command ip route 192.168.7.24 255.255.255.248 192.168.7.9? (Choose two.)
** A packet destined for host 192.168.7.30 will be forwarded to address 192.168.7.9.
192.168.7.9 is the destination network for this route.
192.168.7.24 is the next-hop router in this command.
This command is issued from the interface configuration mode.
** This command is used to define a static route
40. Which of the following application layer protocols use TCP? (Choose three.)
** SMTP
** FTP
SNMP
** HTTP
TFTP
DHCP
41. Which terms refer to Frame Relay congestion management mechanisms? (Choose three.)
** BECN
DLCI
** DE
** FECN
LMI
Inverse ARP
42. Which of the following router commands will verify that a path exists to a destination network?
Router# show ip interfaces brief
** Router# show ip route
Router# show cdp neighbors
Router# show running-config
Router# show protocols
43. When EIGRP is configured on a router, which table of DUAL information is used to calculate the best route to each destination router?
router table
** topology table
DUAL table
CAM table
ARP table
44. Refer to the graphic. Routers A and B have EIGRP configured and automatic summarization has been disabled on both routers. Which of the following commands is used on router A to summarize the attached routes, and to which interface is this command applied? (Choose two)
** ip summary-address eigrp 1 192.168.10.64 255.255.255.192
ip area-range eigrp 1 192.168.10.80 255.255.255.224
summary-address 192.168.10.80 0.0.0.31
ip summary-address eigrp 1 192.168.10.64 0.0.0.63
** serial interface on router A
serial interface on router B
45. A router with two LAN interfaces, two WAN interfaces, and two loopback interfaces configured is operating with OSPF as its routing protocol. What is used by the OSPF process to assign the router ID?
the IP address of the interface configured with priority 0
the OSPF area ID configured on the interface with the highest IP address
** the loopback with the highest IP address configured
the highest IP address on the LAN interfaces
the highest IP address configured on the WAN interfaces
46. Given the IP address and subnet mask of 172.16.134.56 255.255.255.224, on which subnetwork does this address reside?
172.0.0.0
172.16.134.0
** 172.16.134.32
172.16.134.48
172.16.134.47
172.16.134.63
47. Which commands show when the last IGRP routing update was received? (Choose two.)
** Router# show ip protocols
Router# show version
Router# show interfaces
Router# show ip updates
** Router# show ip route
48. When using access control lists to filter traffic, which of the following is used to track multiple sessions occurring between hosts?
IP addresses
subnet masks
** port numbers
routed protocols
routing protocols
interfaces
49. Given the IP address and subnet mask of 172.16.134.64 255.255.255.224, which of the following would describe this address?
This is a useable host address.
This is a broadcast address.
** This is a network address.
This is not a valid address
50. The company network shown in the drawing has to be subnetted. The company has leased the Class C IP address of 200.1.2.0. Which of the following network addresses and masks would be appropriate for one of the subnetworks?
200.1.2.96 255.255.255.192
** 200.1.2.160 255.255.255.224
200.1.2.80 255.255.255.224
200.1.2.32 255.255.255.240
CCNA 4 - Final B
1. A network administrator is asked to design a system to allow simultaneous access to the Internet for 250 users. The ISP for this network can only supply five public IPs. What can be used to accomplish this task?
routable translation
dynamic translation
static translation
** port address translation
2. The LAN attached to the Ethernet interface of the Raleigh router shown in the graphic is addressed with private IP addresses. If one public IP is assigned to the company, which commands could be used in a configuration that allows all devices with private IPs in this network to access the Internet? (Choose two.)
** ip nat inside source list 1 interface serial0 overload
ip nat outside source list 1 interface serial0 overload
ip nat inside serial0
** ip nat inside source list 1 pool Raleigh overload
ip nat inside Raleigh overload
ip inside nat source list 1 interface serial0 Raleigh
3. The command output shown in the graphic was taken from a Cisco 806 broadband router. Which kind of address translation is in effect on this router?
static
dynamic
** overload
private
public
4. Which of the following IP addresses are defined by RFC 1918 as private addresses? (Choose three.)
** 192.168.146.0/22
172.10.25.0/16
** 172.31.0.0/16
20.0.0.0/8
** 10.172.92.8/29
5. How will data be transmitted from the router to the ISP if the router has the two links shown in the graphic?
Both links will transmit data at the same rate.
1544 bits can be transmitted simultaneously from the router over the T1 line.
** Both links will transmit bits one by one.
The 56K link will transmit a maximum of 53 bits at the same time.
6. Which statements about DHCP are true? (Choose three.)
DHCP uses TCP.
DHCP uses UDP.
** DHCP sends messages to the server on port 67.
DHCP sends messages to the server on port 68.
** DHCP sends messages to the client on port 67.
** DHCP sends messages to the client on port 68.
7. Which command would be used to exclude the IP address 192.168.24.5 from the DHCP address pool on a router?
Router(dhcp-config)# ip dhcp excluded-address 192.168.24.5
Router# ip dhcp excluded-address 192.168.24.5
Router(config-excluded)# ip dhcp excluded-address 192.168.24.5
** Router(config)# ip dhcp excluded-address 192.168.24.5
Router(config)# excluded-address 192.168.24.5
Router(dhcp-config)# excluded-address 192.168.24.5
8. The WAN connection for a nationwide company with 250 offices must support constant connections to core layer services for file sharing, and occasional Internet access. Which combination of WAN technologies will meet these needs with minimum expense?
Frame Relay PVC for Internet access and ATM for file server access
Frame Relay PVC for Internet access and ISDN for file server access
ISDN for Internet access and X.25 for file server access
** ISDN for Internet access and Frame Relay PVC for file server access
9. Which command would produce the output shown in the graphic?
show ip dhcp server statistics
show ip dhcp binding
** debug ip dhcp server events
debug ip dhcp binding
10. Which of the following devices is used to establish the communications link between the customer equipment and the local loop for digital lines?
terminal adapter
modem
** CSU/DSU
PBX switch
ISDN switch
Frame Relay Switch
11. Which of the following statements are true about Frame Relay? (Choose three.)
Frame Relay operation is defined by a series of ISO standards.
** Frame Relay is a packet switched, connection-oriented, wide area network service.
Frame Relay only supports point-to-point connections.
** A router can be considered as data terminal equipment (DTE) in a frame relay system.
Frame Relay is a cell switched, connection-oriented, wide area network service.
** Frame Relay networks use a subset of the HDLC protocol to carry information.
12. ITU-T Q.921 specifies the use of which protocol for sending control and signaling messages between the router and the ISDN switch?
HDLC
IPCP
LAPB
** LAPD
NCP
SS7
13. A company needs a WAN connection that is capable of transferring voice, video, and data at a minimum data rate of 155 Mbps. Which WAN connection is the best choice?
X.25
DSL
** ATM
ISDN BRI
ISDN PRI
14. Which statement explains why basic DSL is an unpopular WAN connectivity choice for enterprise computer departments that support home users?
DSL offers insufficient bandwidth to home users.
DSL requires the installation of new cables, which is not always possible for home users.
DSL dialup connection time is too slow for business use.
** DSL has limited geographical availability.
15. When planning simple WAN connections for a small company, which feature of the three layer hierarchical model makes it a good choice for the WAN topology.
It provides for redundancy.
** It allows for easy WAN expansion in case of company growth.
It is less expensive.
It provides faster connection time.
It provides less latency and jitter.
16. Which of the following terms describes a device that will put data on the local loop?
DLCI
CO
** DCE
DTE
PRI
BRI
17. Which of the following are supported by a BRI interface on a router? (Choose two.)
** Two independent channels that can carry analog data with a bandwidth of 64 KHz.
A single 128 Kbps digital bearer channel.
Two multiplexed channels carrying digital data.
A single 64 Kbps signaling channel.
A multiplexed data channel that can only handle SS7 information.
** A 16 Kbps delta channel used for signaling purposes.
18. A network administrator has been asked to provide the network in the United States with an ISDN WAN link. The router available to provide the WAN connection is a non-modular Cisco router with two serial connections. What must be done to adapt one of the serial interfaces of this router for the ISDN connection?
Nothing. The router is already suitable.
Purchase a BRI WAN interface card to install in the router.
Purchase a U interface to install in the router.
** Purchase a TA/NT1 device to install on the router.
19 Which of the following is a function of a DCE device?
determines the next-hop address for a packet
** multiplexes signals from several sources
adapts information for use on a service provider’s network
used to directly connect two DTEs to simulate a WAN network
20. Why would data frames be discarded in a Frame Relay network? (Choose two.)
The frame contains an incorrect IP address.
** An error has been detected in computing the frame check sequence.
There is not enough bandwidth dedicated for the data contained in the frame.
Data is transmitted at a rate greater than the access speed.
** The frame contains an incorrect DLCI.
21. Which of the following are commonly used as Data Communications Equipment? (Choose two.)
** modem
router
** CSU/DSU
ISDN Switch
Frame Relay Switch
22. Which of the following LCP options can be configured for PPP? (Choose three.)
** CHAP
** Stacker
IPCP
CDPCP
** Multilink
23. Which command will provide for CHAP authentication if the hostname on a challenging router is tampa with a password of florida?
** username tampa password florida
username tampa florida
hostname tampa password florida
hostname tampa florida
24. Which of the following describes the PAP protocol? (Choose two.)
** sends unencrypted authentication passwords
performs a three-way handshake
** allows repeated login attempts
uses the remote router hostname to verify identity
sends a random challenge throughout the session
25. Why was NAT created? (Choose two.)
to create firewalls on routers
** to conserve IP addresses
to translate domain names into IP addresses
to map network addresses to the corresponding data link address
** to hide internal addresses from external devices
26. An ISDN router is configured for DDR as shown in the graphic to provide Internet connectivity for the company. Immediately after a user in the company attempts opens a web browser to connect to the Internet, another user in the company tries to download a file using FTP. What will happen? (Choose two.)
** The user that opened the browser will connect to the Internet because the DDR link will consider this traffic interesting.
The Internet user will be disconnected because the FTP data will cause the DDR link to shut down.
The DDR link will allow the FTP traffic because it is interesting.
The DDR link will not allow the FTP traffic because it is not interesting.
The FTP connection will fail because the DDR link is already in use for the Internet connection.
** The FTP connection will succeed because the web user already opened the DDR link.
27. Which command configures the SPID on the first B channel of an ISDN interface?
Router(config)# isdn spid0 spid-number [ldn]
Router(config)# isdn spid1 spid-number [ldn]
Router(config-if)# isdn spid0 spid-number [ldn]
** Router(config-if)# isdn spid1 spid-number [ldn]
28. What does the command debug isdn q921 display?
exchange of call setup and teardown messages
PAP and CHAP authentication traffic
** Layer 2 messages on the D channel
protocol errors and statistics
Layer 2 messages on the B channel
29. When PPP authentication is enabled, which of the following may be checked before establishing a PPP link between two devices? (Choose two.)
the enable password on the remote device
the ip host configuration on the remote device
** the security server database for the username and password of the remote device
the hostname and enable password on the local device
** the local database for the username and password of the remote device
30. How many separate B channel circuits can be provisioned on a PRI interface that uses a T1 line for connectivity?
2
16
** 23
24
30
128
31. Which operating systems support multiuser capability? (Choose three.)
** Linux
Windows 98
Windows ME
** Windows XP
** Windows 2000
32. What is placed in the address field of a frame that will travel from the DC office of ABC company to the Orlando office?
MAC address of the Orlando router
MAC address of the DC router
192.168.1.25
192.168.1.26
DLCI 100
** DLCI 200
33. What does a DLCI of 0 indicate about a frame? (Choose two.)
This is the first data frame sent by the router.
** This is a management frame.
The encapsulation type is Cisco.
The encapsulation type is IETF.
** The LMI type is Ansi or q933a.
The LMI type is Cisco.
34. Which of the following protocols can be used to encapsulate data traffic sent from a router BRI interface? (Choose two.)
Link Access Protocol - Data
** High-Level Data Link Control
Logical Link Control
Serial Data Link Control
** Point to Point protocol
Binary Synchronous Control protocol
35. An administrator consoled into the Jelly router needs to telnet to the Butter router. What DLCI will the Jelly router place in the frame to perform this operation?
110
115
220
** 225
36. Which commands can be used to identify which DLCIs are active? (Choose two.)
** show frame-relay map
show frame-relay lmi
** show frame-relay pvc
show frame-relay interface
show interfaces
show ip route
37. A technician is testing the functionality of a recently installed router. The technician is unable to ping the serial interface of a remote router. The technician executes the show interface serial0/0 command on the local router and sees the following line in the output:
Serial0/0 is up, line protocol is down
What are possible causes for this command output? (Choose three.)
** remote CSU/DSU failure
serial cable missing
interface shutdown
** keepalives not being sent
** clocking signal missing
38. A router needs to forward a message received from a host. How does the router identify the correct VC to forward the message? (Choose two.)
The router forwards the frame to all ports in the network and learns the address from the reply frame.
The destination host IP address is embedded in the DLCI.
** The router searches Inverse ARP tables for maps of DLCIs to IP addresses.
** A table of static mappings can be searched.
The router broadcasts a request for the required IP address.
39. Which of the following statements regarding point-to-point subinterfaces are true? (Choose two.)
A point-to-point subinterface on one router must be connected to a similar subinterface on a remote router.
** Each point-to-point subinterface connection is configured with its own subnet.
The DLCIs configured on the remote and local routers must be the same for the PVC.
LMI frames are not transmitted through a subinterface.
** Routing updates in point-to-point networks are not subject to the split-horizon rule.
40. Which of the following can be concluded from the router output displayed in the graphic? (Choose two.)
** The local DLCI number of this PVC is 100.
The interface has been configured for subinterfaces and this map is for subinterface 0.
** Inverse ARP has determined the remote ip address as 10.140.1.1.
The LMI type is ANSI (0×64).
There is currently no congestion on the link.
41. Which of the following are functions of the Local Management Interface used in Frame Relay networks? (Choose three.)
** exchange information about the status of virtual circuits
map DLCIs to network addresses
** provide flow control
provide error notification
provide congestion notification
** send keepalive packets to verify operation of the PVC
42. Which of the following describe functions of the Point-to-Point protocol with regards to the OSI model? (Choose three.)
PPP uses Layer 3 of the OSI model to establish and maintain a session between devices.
PPP operates at all layers of the OSI model.
** PPP uses the data link layer to configure such options as error detection and compression.
** PPP provides a mechanism to multiplex several network layer protocols.
PPP uses Network Control Protocols (NCP) to test and maintain connectivity between devices.
** PPP can be configured on both synchronous and asynchronous serial interfaces.
43. Which of the following describes the CHAP protocol? (Choose three.)
** exchanges a random challenge number during the session to verfiy identity
sends authentication password to verify identity
** prevents transmission of login information in plain text
** disconnects the PPP session if authentication fails
initiates a two-way handshake
44. Which of the following switching types will allow the communication devices in the provider’s network to be shared and only allocated to an individual subscriber during data transfer?
circuit-switched
** packet-switched
frame-switched
dedicated-switched lines
lease-switched
45. How does Frame Relay technology process frames that contain errors? (Choose two.)
** Frame Relay services depend on the upper layer protocols to handle error recovery.
It requires the receiving device to request that the sender retransmit erroneous frames.
FECN, BECN, and DE bits are set in the frames to minimize errors.
** The receiving device drops any frames that contain errors without notifying the sender.
The frame relay switch notifies the sender that errors were detected.
46. Which of the following describes the WAN devices and cabling shown in the graphic? (Choose two.)
A null-modem cable is used between RouterD and DeviceC for connectivity.
A DB-25 or DB-9 serial cable is connected to interface S0/0 of RouterA.
** DeviceB and DeviceC are DCE devices.
** The same encoding scheme must be used by DeviceB and DeviceC.
A synchronous serial connection exists between DeviceB and DeviceC.
routable translation
dynamic translation
static translation
** port address translation
2. The LAN attached to the Ethernet interface of the Raleigh router shown in the graphic is addressed with private IP addresses. If one public IP is assigned to the company, which commands could be used in a configuration that allows all devices with private IPs in this network to access the Internet? (Choose two.)
** ip nat inside source list 1 interface serial0 overload
ip nat outside source list 1 interface serial0 overload
ip nat inside serial0
** ip nat inside source list 1 pool Raleigh overload
ip nat inside Raleigh overload
ip inside nat source list 1 interface serial0 Raleigh
3. The command output shown in the graphic was taken from a Cisco 806 broadband router. Which kind of address translation is in effect on this router?
static
dynamic
** overload
private
public
4. Which of the following IP addresses are defined by RFC 1918 as private addresses? (Choose three.)
** 192.168.146.0/22
172.10.25.0/16
** 172.31.0.0/16
20.0.0.0/8
** 10.172.92.8/29
5. How will data be transmitted from the router to the ISP if the router has the two links shown in the graphic?
Both links will transmit data at the same rate.
1544 bits can be transmitted simultaneously from the router over the T1 line.
** Both links will transmit bits one by one.
The 56K link will transmit a maximum of 53 bits at the same time.
6. Which statements about DHCP are true? (Choose three.)
DHCP uses TCP.
DHCP uses UDP.
** DHCP sends messages to the server on port 67.
DHCP sends messages to the server on port 68.
** DHCP sends messages to the client on port 67.
** DHCP sends messages to the client on port 68.
7. Which command would be used to exclude the IP address 192.168.24.5 from the DHCP address pool on a router?
Router(dhcp-config)# ip dhcp excluded-address 192.168.24.5
Router# ip dhcp excluded-address 192.168.24.5
Router(config-excluded)# ip dhcp excluded-address 192.168.24.5
** Router(config)# ip dhcp excluded-address 192.168.24.5
Router(config)# excluded-address 192.168.24.5
Router(dhcp-config)# excluded-address 192.168.24.5
8. The WAN connection for a nationwide company with 250 offices must support constant connections to core layer services for file sharing, and occasional Internet access. Which combination of WAN technologies will meet these needs with minimum expense?
Frame Relay PVC for Internet access and ATM for file server access
Frame Relay PVC for Internet access and ISDN for file server access
ISDN for Internet access and X.25 for file server access
** ISDN for Internet access and Frame Relay PVC for file server access
9. Which command would produce the output shown in the graphic?
show ip dhcp server statistics
show ip dhcp binding
** debug ip dhcp server events
debug ip dhcp binding
10. Which of the following devices is used to establish the communications link between the customer equipment and the local loop for digital lines?
terminal adapter
modem
** CSU/DSU
PBX switch
ISDN switch
Frame Relay Switch
11. Which of the following statements are true about Frame Relay? (Choose three.)
Frame Relay operation is defined by a series of ISO standards.
** Frame Relay is a packet switched, connection-oriented, wide area network service.
Frame Relay only supports point-to-point connections.
** A router can be considered as data terminal equipment (DTE) in a frame relay system.
Frame Relay is a cell switched, connection-oriented, wide area network service.
** Frame Relay networks use a subset of the HDLC protocol to carry information.
12. ITU-T Q.921 specifies the use of which protocol for sending control and signaling messages between the router and the ISDN switch?
HDLC
IPCP
LAPB
** LAPD
NCP
SS7
13. A company needs a WAN connection that is capable of transferring voice, video, and data at a minimum data rate of 155 Mbps. Which WAN connection is the best choice?
X.25
DSL
** ATM
ISDN BRI
ISDN PRI
14. Which statement explains why basic DSL is an unpopular WAN connectivity choice for enterprise computer departments that support home users?
DSL offers insufficient bandwidth to home users.
DSL requires the installation of new cables, which is not always possible for home users.
DSL dialup connection time is too slow for business use.
** DSL has limited geographical availability.
15. When planning simple WAN connections for a small company, which feature of the three layer hierarchical model makes it a good choice for the WAN topology.
It provides for redundancy.
** It allows for easy WAN expansion in case of company growth.
It is less expensive.
It provides faster connection time.
It provides less latency and jitter.
16. Which of the following terms describes a device that will put data on the local loop?
DLCI
CO
** DCE
DTE
PRI
BRI
17. Which of the following are supported by a BRI interface on a router? (Choose two.)
** Two independent channels that can carry analog data with a bandwidth of 64 KHz.
A single 128 Kbps digital bearer channel.
Two multiplexed channels carrying digital data.
A single 64 Kbps signaling channel.
A multiplexed data channel that can only handle SS7 information.
** A 16 Kbps delta channel used for signaling purposes.
18. A network administrator has been asked to provide the network in the United States with an ISDN WAN link. The router available to provide the WAN connection is a non-modular Cisco router with two serial connections. What must be done to adapt one of the serial interfaces of this router for the ISDN connection?
Nothing. The router is already suitable.
Purchase a BRI WAN interface card to install in the router.
Purchase a U interface to install in the router.
** Purchase a TA/NT1 device to install on the router.
19 Which of the following is a function of a DCE device?
determines the next-hop address for a packet
** multiplexes signals from several sources
adapts information for use on a service provider’s network
used to directly connect two DTEs to simulate a WAN network
20. Why would data frames be discarded in a Frame Relay network? (Choose two.)
The frame contains an incorrect IP address.
** An error has been detected in computing the frame check sequence.
There is not enough bandwidth dedicated for the data contained in the frame.
Data is transmitted at a rate greater than the access speed.
** The frame contains an incorrect DLCI.
21. Which of the following are commonly used as Data Communications Equipment? (Choose two.)
** modem
router
** CSU/DSU
ISDN Switch
Frame Relay Switch
22. Which of the following LCP options can be configured for PPP? (Choose three.)
** CHAP
** Stacker
IPCP
CDPCP
** Multilink
23. Which command will provide for CHAP authentication if the hostname on a challenging router is tampa with a password of florida?
** username tampa password florida
username tampa florida
hostname tampa password florida
hostname tampa florida
24. Which of the following describes the PAP protocol? (Choose two.)
** sends unencrypted authentication passwords
performs a three-way handshake
** allows repeated login attempts
uses the remote router hostname to verify identity
sends a random challenge throughout the session
25. Why was NAT created? (Choose two.)
to create firewalls on routers
** to conserve IP addresses
to translate domain names into IP addresses
to map network addresses to the corresponding data link address
** to hide internal addresses from external devices
26. An ISDN router is configured for DDR as shown in the graphic to provide Internet connectivity for the company. Immediately after a user in the company attempts opens a web browser to connect to the Internet, another user in the company tries to download a file using FTP. What will happen? (Choose two.)
** The user that opened the browser will connect to the Internet because the DDR link will consider this traffic interesting.
The Internet user will be disconnected because the FTP data will cause the DDR link to shut down.
The DDR link will allow the FTP traffic because it is interesting.
The DDR link will not allow the FTP traffic because it is not interesting.
The FTP connection will fail because the DDR link is already in use for the Internet connection.
** The FTP connection will succeed because the web user already opened the DDR link.
27. Which command configures the SPID on the first B channel of an ISDN interface?
Router(config)# isdn spid0 spid-number [ldn]
Router(config)# isdn spid1 spid-number [ldn]
Router(config-if)# isdn spid0 spid-number [ldn]
** Router(config-if)# isdn spid1 spid-number [ldn]
28. What does the command debug isdn q921 display?
exchange of call setup and teardown messages
PAP and CHAP authentication traffic
** Layer 2 messages on the D channel
protocol errors and statistics
Layer 2 messages on the B channel
29. When PPP authentication is enabled, which of the following may be checked before establishing a PPP link between two devices? (Choose two.)
the enable password on the remote device
the ip host configuration on the remote device
** the security server database for the username and password of the remote device
the hostname and enable password on the local device
** the local database for the username and password of the remote device
30. How many separate B channel circuits can be provisioned on a PRI interface that uses a T1 line for connectivity?
2
16
** 23
24
30
128
31. Which operating systems support multiuser capability? (Choose three.)
** Linux
Windows 98
Windows ME
** Windows XP
** Windows 2000
32. What is placed in the address field of a frame that will travel from the DC office of ABC company to the Orlando office?
MAC address of the Orlando router
MAC address of the DC router
192.168.1.25
192.168.1.26
DLCI 100
** DLCI 200
33. What does a DLCI of 0 indicate about a frame? (Choose two.)
This is the first data frame sent by the router.
** This is a management frame.
The encapsulation type is Cisco.
The encapsulation type is IETF.
** The LMI type is Ansi or q933a.
The LMI type is Cisco.
34. Which of the following protocols can be used to encapsulate data traffic sent from a router BRI interface? (Choose two.)
Link Access Protocol - Data
** High-Level Data Link Control
Logical Link Control
Serial Data Link Control
** Point to Point protocol
Binary Synchronous Control protocol
35. An administrator consoled into the Jelly router needs to telnet to the Butter router. What DLCI will the Jelly router place in the frame to perform this operation?
110
115
220
** 225
36. Which commands can be used to identify which DLCIs are active? (Choose two.)
** show frame-relay map
show frame-relay lmi
** show frame-relay pvc
show frame-relay interface
show interfaces
show ip route
37. A technician is testing the functionality of a recently installed router. The technician is unable to ping the serial interface of a remote router. The technician executes the show interface serial0/0 command on the local router and sees the following line in the output:
Serial0/0 is up, line protocol is down
What are possible causes for this command output? (Choose three.)
** remote CSU/DSU failure
serial cable missing
interface shutdown
** keepalives not being sent
** clocking signal missing
38. A router needs to forward a message received from a host. How does the router identify the correct VC to forward the message? (Choose two.)
The router forwards the frame to all ports in the network and learns the address from the reply frame.
The destination host IP address is embedded in the DLCI.
** The router searches Inverse ARP tables for maps of DLCIs to IP addresses.
** A table of static mappings can be searched.
The router broadcasts a request for the required IP address.
39. Which of the following statements regarding point-to-point subinterfaces are true? (Choose two.)
A point-to-point subinterface on one router must be connected to a similar subinterface on a remote router.
** Each point-to-point subinterface connection is configured with its own subnet.
The DLCIs configured on the remote and local routers must be the same for the PVC.
LMI frames are not transmitted through a subinterface.
** Routing updates in point-to-point networks are not subject to the split-horizon rule.
40. Which of the following can be concluded from the router output displayed in the graphic? (Choose two.)
** The local DLCI number of this PVC is 100.
The interface has been configured for subinterfaces and this map is for subinterface 0.
** Inverse ARP has determined the remote ip address as 10.140.1.1.
The LMI type is ANSI (0×64).
There is currently no congestion on the link.
41. Which of the following are functions of the Local Management Interface used in Frame Relay networks? (Choose three.)
** exchange information about the status of virtual circuits
map DLCIs to network addresses
** provide flow control
provide error notification
provide congestion notification
** send keepalive packets to verify operation of the PVC
42. Which of the following describe functions of the Point-to-Point protocol with regards to the OSI model? (Choose three.)
PPP uses Layer 3 of the OSI model to establish and maintain a session between devices.
PPP operates at all layers of the OSI model.
** PPP uses the data link layer to configure such options as error detection and compression.
** PPP provides a mechanism to multiplex several network layer protocols.
PPP uses Network Control Protocols (NCP) to test and maintain connectivity between devices.
** PPP can be configured on both synchronous and asynchronous serial interfaces.
43. Which of the following describes the CHAP protocol? (Choose three.)
** exchanges a random challenge number during the session to verfiy identity
sends authentication password to verify identity
** prevents transmission of login information in plain text
** disconnects the PPP session if authentication fails
initiates a two-way handshake
44. Which of the following switching types will allow the communication devices in the provider’s network to be shared and only allocated to an individual subscriber during data transfer?
circuit-switched
** packet-switched
frame-switched
dedicated-switched lines
lease-switched
45. How does Frame Relay technology process frames that contain errors? (Choose two.)
** Frame Relay services depend on the upper layer protocols to handle error recovery.
It requires the receiving device to request that the sender retransmit erroneous frames.
FECN, BECN, and DE bits are set in the frames to minimize errors.
** The receiving device drops any frames that contain errors without notifying the sender.
The frame relay switch notifies the sender that errors were detected.
46. Which of the following describes the WAN devices and cabling shown in the graphic? (Choose two.)
A null-modem cable is used between RouterD and DeviceC for connectivity.
A DB-25 or DB-9 serial cable is connected to interface S0/0 of RouterA.
** DeviceB and DeviceC are DCE devices.
** The same encoding scheme must be used by DeviceB and DeviceC.
A synchronous serial connection exists between DeviceB and DeviceC.
CCNA 4 - Final A
1. Refer to the exhibit. A network administrator is trying to configure a router to use SDM. After this configuration shown in the exhibit is applied, the SDM interface of the router is still not accessible. What is the cause of the problem?
**The username and password are not configured correctly.
The authentication method is not configured correctly.
The HTTP timeout policy is not configured correctly.
The vtys are not configured correctly.
2. Refer to the exhibit. Branch A has a non-Cisco router that is using IETF encapsulation and Branch B has a Cisco router. After the commands that are shown are entered, R1 and R2 fail to establish the PVC. The R2 LMI is Cisco, and the R1 LMI is ANSI. The LMI is successfully established at both locations. Why is the PVC failing?
The PVC to R1 must be point-to-point.
LMI types must match on each end of a PVC.
The frame relay PVCs cannot be established between Cisco and non-Cisco routers.
**The IETF parameter is missing from the frame-relay map ip 10.10.10.1 201 command.
3. Refer to the exhibit. An ACL called Managers already exists on this router. What happens if the network administrator issues the commands as shown in the exhibit?
The new ACL overwrites the existing ACL.
The network administrator will receive an error message.
**The existing ACL is modified to include the new command.
A second Managers ACL is created that contains only the new command.
4. Refer to the exhibit. A network administrator is trying to backup the IOS software on R1 to the TFTP server. He receives the error message that is shown in the exhibit, and cannot ping the TFTP server from R1. What is an action that can help to isolate this problem?
Use correct source file name in the command.
Verify that the TFTP server software is running.
Make sure that there is enough room on the TFTP server for the backup.
**Check that R1 has a route to the network where the TFTP server resides.
5. What can a network administrator do to recover from a lost router password?
use the copy tftp: flash: command
boot the router to bootROM mode and enter the b command to load the IOS manually
telnet from another router and issue the show running-config command to view the password
**boot the router to ROM monitor mode and configure the router to ignore the startup configuration when it initializes
6. Which combination of authentication and Layer 2 protocol should be used to establish a link between a Cisco and a non-Cisco router without sending authentication information in plain text?
CHAP and HDLC
**CHAP and PPP
PAP and HDLC
PAP and PPP
7. Refer to the exhibit. Which statement correctly describes how Router1 processes an FTP request that enters interface s0/0/0 and is destined for an FTP server at IP address 192.168.1.5?
The router matches the incoming packet to the statement that was created by the access-list 201 deny icmp 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 any command, continues comparing the packet to the remaining statements in ACL 201 to ensure that no subsequent statements allow FTP, and then the router drops the packet.
The router reaches the end of ACL 101 without matching a condition and drops the packet because there is no statement that was created by the access-list 101 permit ip any any command.
**The router matches the incoming packet to the statement that was created by the access-list 101 permit ip any 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 command and allows the packet into the router.
It matches the incoming packet to the statement that was created by the access-list 201 permit ip any any command and allows the packet into the router.
8. Which three statements accurately describe attributes of a security policy? (Choose three.)
**It creates a basis for legal action if necessary.
It should not be altered once it is implemented.
**It defines a process for managing security violations.
It focuses primarily on threats from outside of the organization.
**It defines acceptable and unacceptable use of network resources.
It provides step-by-step procedures to harden routers and other network devices.
9. Refer to the exhibit. The network administrator creates a standard access control list on Router1 to prohibit traffic from the 172.16.1.0/24 network from reaching the 172.16.2.0/24 network while still permitting Internet access for all networks. On which router interface and in which direction should it be applied?
interface Fa0/0, inbound
interface Fa0/0, outbound
interface Fa0/1, inbound
**interface Fa0/1, outbound
10. Refer to the exhibit. Why are the routers unable to establish a PPP session?
**The usernames are misconfigured.
The IP addresses are on different subnets.
The clock rate is configured on the wrong end of the link.
The CHAP passwords must be different on the two routers.
Interface serial 0/0/0 on Router1 must connect to interface serial 0/0/1 on Router2.
11. What are two main components of data confidentiality? (Choose two.)
checksum
digital certificates
**encapsulation
**encryption
hashing
12. A technician is talking to a colleague at a rival company and comparing DSL transfer rates between the two companies. Both companies are in the same city, use the same service provider, and have the same rate/service plan. What is the explanation for why company 1 reports higher download speeds than company 2 reports?
Company 1 only uses microfilters at branch locations.
Company 1 has a lower volume of POTS traffic than company 2 has.
**Company 2 is located farther from the service provider than company 1 is.
Company 2 shares the connection to the DSLAM with more clients than company 1 shares with.
13. What is the result when the command permit tcp 192.168.4.0 0.0.3.255 any eq 23 is entered in a named access control list and applied on the inbound interface of a router?
All traffic from 192.168.4.0/24 larger than 23 bytes is permitted.
FTP traffic from the 192.168.4.0/24 network is permitted.
TCP traffic destined to 192.168.4.0/24 network is permitted.
**Telnet traffic originating from 192.168.4.0/22 is permitted out.
14. What are two major characteristics of a worm? (Choose two.)
**exploits known vulnerabilities
attaches itself to another program
executed by a predefined time or event
masquerades as an accepted program
**copies itself to the host and selects new targets
15. While configuring a Frame Relay connection, when should a static Frame Relay map be used?
the remote router is a non-Cisco router
the local router is configured with subinterfaces
**broadcast traffic and multicast traffic over the PVC must be controlled
globally significant rather than locally significant DLCIs are being used
16. A system administrator must provide Internet connectivity for ten hosts in a small remote office. The ISP has assigned two public IP addresses to this remote office. How can the system administrator configure the router to provide Internet access to all ten users at the same time?
Configure static NAT.
Configure dynamic NAT.
Configure static NAT with overload.
**Configure dynamic NAT with overload.
17. Refer to the exhibit. Which DHCP requests will R1 answer?
all DHCP requests that R1 receives
requests that are broadcast to 10.0.1.255
DNS requests with a destination of 10.0.1.3
**requests that are received on the FastEthernet 0/0 interface
requests that come from any networks that are not listed as excluded
18. What are the symptoms when the s0/0/0 interface on a router is attached to an operational CSU/DSU that is generating a clock signal, but the far end router on the point-to-point link has not been activated?
show controllers indicates cable type DCE V.35. show interfaces s0/0/0 indicates serial down, line protocol down.
show controllers indicates cable type DCE V.35. show interfaces s0/0/0 indicates serial up, line protocol down.
**show controllers indicates cable type DTE V.35. show interfaces s0/0/0 indicates serial up, line protocol down.
show controllers indicates cable type DTE V.35. show interfaces s0/0/0 indicates serial down, line protocol down.
19. A technician has been asked to run Cisco SDM one-step lockdown on the router of a customer. What will be the result of this process?
Traffic is only forwarded from SDM-trusted Cisco routers.
Security testing is performed and the results are saved as a text file stored in NVRAM.
**The router is tested for potential security problems and any necessary changes are made.
All traffic entering the router is quarantined and checked for viruses before being forwarded.
20. Refer to the exhibit. A network administrator has issued the commands that are shown on Router1 and Router2. A later review of the routing tables reveals that neither router is learning the LAN network of the neighbor router. What is most likely the problem with the RIPng configuration?
The serial interfaces are in different subnets.
**The RIPng process is not enabled on interfaces.
The RIPng processes do not match between Router1 and Router2.
The RIPng network command is missing from the IPv6 RIP configuration.
21. Refer to the exhibit. Which statement is true about the Frame Relay connection?
The Frame Relay connection is in the process of negotiation.
**A congestion control mechanism is enabled on the Frame Relay connection.
The “ACTIVE” status of the Frame Relay connection indicates that the network is experiencing congestion.
Only control FECN and BECN bits are sent over the Frame Relay connection. No data traffic traverses the link.
22. When configuring a Frame Relay connection, what is the purpose of Inverse ARP?
to assign a DLCI to a remote peer
to disable peer requests from determining local Layer 3 addresses
to negotiate LMI encapsulations between local and remote Frame Relay peers
**to create a mapping of DLCI to Layer 3 addresses that belong to remote peers
23. When NAT is in use, what is used to determine the addresses that can be translated on a Cisco router?
**access control list
routing protocol
inbound interface
ARP cache
24. An administrator is configuring a dual stack router with IPv6 and IPv4 using RIPng. The administrator receives an error message when trying to enter the IPv4 routes into RIPng. What is the cause of the problem?
When IPv4 and IPv6 are configured on the same interface, all IPv4 addresses are over-written in favor of the newer technology.
Incorrect IPv4 addresses are entered on the router interfaces.
RIPng is incompatible with dual-stack technology.
**IPv4 is incompatible with RIPng.
25. Refer to the exhibit. Router1 is not able to communicate with its peer that is connected to this interface. Based on the output as shown, what is the most likely cause?
interface reset
**unplugged cable
improper LMI type
PPP negotiation failure
26. Which two functions are provided by the Local Management Interface (LMI) that is used in Frame Relay networks? (Choose two.)
**simple flow control
error notification
congestion notification
mapping of DLCIs to network addresses
**exchange of information about the status of virtual circuits
27. Refer to the exhibit. A technician issues the show interface s0/0/0 command on R1 while troubleshooting a network problem. What two conclusions can be determined by from the output shown? (Choose two.)
**The bandwidth has been set to the value of a T1 line.
This interface should be configured for PPP encapsulation.
**There is no failure indicated in an OSI Layer 1 or Layer 2.
The physical connection between the two routers has failed.
The IP address of S0/0/0 is invalid, given the subnet mask being used.
28. Refer to the exhibit. Which statement is true about the CSU/DSU device?
It connects asynchronous devices to a LAN or WAN through network and terminal emulation software.
It uses a multiport internetworking device to switch traffic such as Frame Relay, ATM, or X.25 over the WAN.
**It provides termination for the digital signal and ensures connection integrity through error correction and line monitoring.
It converts the digital signals produced by a computer into voice frequencies that can be transmitted over the analog lines of the public telephone network.
29. Where does a service provider assume responsibility from a customer for a WAN connection?
local loop
DTE cable on router
**demarcation point
demilitarized zone
30. What are two LCP options that can be configured for PPP? (Choose two.)
EAP
**CHAP
IPCP
CDPCP
**stacker
31. Refer to the exhibit. What is placed in the address field in the header of a frame that will travel from the DC router to the Orlando router?
DLCI 123
**DLCI 321
10.10.10.25
10.10.10.26
MAC address of the Orlando router
32. Which two statements are true about creating and applying access lists? (Choose two.)
**There is an implicit deny at the end of all access lists.
**One access list per port, per protocol, per direction is permitted.
Access list entries should filter in the order from general to specific.
The term "inbound" refers to traffic that enters the network from the router interface where the ACL is applied.
Standard ACLs should be applied closest to the source while extended ACLs should be applied closest to the destination.
33. Which statement is true about wildcard masks?
Inverting the subnet mask will always create the wildcard mask.
The wildcard mask performs the same function as a subnet mask.
A network or subnet bit is identified by a "1" in the wildcard mask.
**IP address bits that must be checked are identified by a "0" in the wildcard mask.
34. Refer to the exhibit. A host connected to Fa0/0 is unable to acquire an IP address from this DHCP server. The output of the debug ip dhcp server command shows "DHCPD: there is no address pool for 192.168.1.1". What is the problem?
The 192.168.1.1 address has not been excluded from the DHCP pool.
**The pool of addresses for the 192Network pool is incorrect.
The default router for the 192Network pool is incorrect.
The 192.168.1.1 address is already configured on Fa0/0.
35.Refer to the exhibit. A network administrator is tasked with completing the Frame Relay topology that interconnects two remote sites. How should the point-to-point subinterfaces be configured on HQ to complete the topology?
frame-relay interface-dlci 103 on Serial 0/0/0.1
frame-relay interface-dlci 203 on Serial 0/0/0.2
**frame-relay interface-dlci 301 on Serial 0/0/0.1
frame-relay interface-dlci 302 on Serial 0/0/0.2
frame-relay map ip 192.168.1.1 103 broadcast on Serial 0/0/0.1
frame-relay map ip 192.168.2.2 203 broadcast on Serial 0/0/0.2
frame-relay map ip 192.168.1.1 301 broadcast on Serial 0/0/0.1
frame-relay map ip 192.168.2.2 302 broadcast on Serial 0/0/0.2
36. What are two effective measures for securing routers? (Choose two.)
Protect all active router interfaces by configuring them as passive interfaces.
Configure remote administration through VTY lines for Telnet access.
**Use quotes or phrases to create pass phrases.
**Disable the HTTP server service.
Enable SNMP traps.
37. A network administrator is instructing a technician on best practices for applying ACLs. Which suggestion should the administrator provide?
Named ACLs are less efficient than numbered ACLs.
Standard ACLs should be applied closest to the core layer.
ACLs applied to outbound interfaces are the most efficient.
**Extended ACLs should be applied closest to the source that is specified by the ACL.
38. Refer to the exhibit. RIPv2 has been configured on all routers in the network. Routers R1 and R3 do not receive RIP routing updates. On the basis of the provided configuration, what should be enabled on router R2 to remedy the problem?
proxy ARP
CDP updates
SNMP services
**RIP authentication
39. Refer to the exhibit. Partial results of the show access-lists and show ip interface FastEthernet 0/1 commands for router Router1 are shown. There are no other ACLs in effect. Host A is unable to telnet to host B. Which action will correct the problem but still restrict other traffic between the two networks?
Apply the ACL in the inbound direction.
Apply the ACL on the FastEthernet 0/0 interface.
**Reverse the order of the TCP protocol statements in the ACL.
Modify the second entry in the list to permit tcp host 172.16.10.10 any eq telnet .
40. What will be the result of adding the command ip dhcp excluded-address 192.168.24.1 192.168.24.5 to the configuration of a local router that has been configured as a DHCP server?
Traffic that is destined for 192.168.24.1 and 192.168.24.5 will be dropped by the router.
Traffic will not be routed from clients with addresses between 192.168.24.1 and 192.168.24.5.
**The DHCP server will not issue the addresses ranging from 192.168.24.1 to 192.168.24.5.
The router will ignore all traffic that comes from the DHCP servers with addresses 192.168.24.1 and 192.168.24.5.
41. Refer to the exhibit. What can be concluded from the exhibited output of the debug ip nat command?
The 10.10.10.75 host is exchanging packets with the 192.168.0.10 host.
The native 10.1.200.254 address is being translated to 192.168.0.10.
**The 192.168.0.0/24 network is the inside network.
Port address translation is in effect.
42. Refer to the exhibit. Company ABC expanded its business and recently opened a new branch office in another country. IPv6 addresses have been used for the company network. The data servers Server1 and Server2 run applications which require end-to-end functionality, with unmodified packets that are forwarded from the source to the destination. The edge routers R1 and R2 support dual stack configuration. What solution should be deployed at the edge of the company network in order to successfully interconnect both offices?
a new WAN service supporting only IPv6
NAT overload to map inside IPv6 addresses to outside IPv4 address
**a manually configured IPv6 tunnel between the edge routers R1 and R2
static NAT to map inside IPv6 addresses of the servers to an outside IPv4 address and dynamic NAT for the rest of the inside IPv6 addresses
43. A network administrator has changed the VLAN configurations on his network switches over the past weekend. How can the administrator determine if the additions and changes improved performance and availability on the company intranet?
**Conduct a performance test and compare with the baseline that was established previously.
Interview departmental secretaries and determine if they think load time for web pages has improved.
Determine performance on the intranet by monitoring load times of company web pages from remote sites.
Compare the hit counts on the company web server for the current week to the values that were recorded in previous weeks.
44. Refer to the exhibit. From the output of the show interfaces and ping commands, at which layer of the OSI model is a fault indicated?
application
transport
**network
data link
physical
45. While troubleshooting a problem with an e-mail server, an administrator observes that the switch port used by the server shows "up, line protocol up". The administrator cannot ping the server. At which layer of the OSI model is the problem most likely to be found?
application layer
**network layer
data link layer
physical layer
46. Which variable is permitted or denied by a standard access control list?
protocol type
**source IP address
source MAC address
destination IP address
destination MAC address
47. A technician is editing and reapplying ACL 115 to a router, what is the result of adding the command access-list 115 permit tcp any 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255 established to the ACL when it is reapplied to the router?
All traffic that comes from 172.16.0.0/16 will be allowed.
All TCP traffic that is destined for 172.16.0.0/16 is permitted.
Any SYN packets that are sent to 172.16.0.0/16 will be permitted.
**Responses to traffic that originates from the 172.16.0.0/16 network are allowed.
48. Because of a remote-procedure call failure, a user is unable to access an NFS server. At what layer of the TCP/IP model does this problem occur?
network layer
data link layer
physical layer
**application layer
49. Refer to the exhibit. Communication between two peers has failed. Based on the output that is shown, what is the most likely cause?
interface reset
unplugged cable
improper LMI type
**PPP negotiation failure
50. Which encapsulation protocol when deployed on a Cisco router over a serial interface is only compatible with another Cisco router?
PPP
SLIP
**HDLC
Frame Relay
**The username and password are not configured correctly.
The authentication method is not configured correctly.
The HTTP timeout policy is not configured correctly.
The vtys are not configured correctly.
2. Refer to the exhibit. Branch A has a non-Cisco router that is using IETF encapsulation and Branch B has a Cisco router. After the commands that are shown are entered, R1 and R2 fail to establish the PVC. The R2 LMI is Cisco, and the R1 LMI is ANSI. The LMI is successfully established at both locations. Why is the PVC failing?
The PVC to R1 must be point-to-point.
LMI types must match on each end of a PVC.
The frame relay PVCs cannot be established between Cisco and non-Cisco routers.
**The IETF parameter is missing from the frame-relay map ip 10.10.10.1 201 command.
3. Refer to the exhibit. An ACL called Managers already exists on this router. What happens if the network administrator issues the commands as shown in the exhibit?
The new ACL overwrites the existing ACL.
The network administrator will receive an error message.
**The existing ACL is modified to include the new command.
A second Managers ACL is created that contains only the new command.
4. Refer to the exhibit. A network administrator is trying to backup the IOS software on R1 to the TFTP server. He receives the error message that is shown in the exhibit, and cannot ping the TFTP server from R1. What is an action that can help to isolate this problem?
Use correct source file name in the command.
Verify that the TFTP server software is running.
Make sure that there is enough room on the TFTP server for the backup.
**Check that R1 has a route to the network where the TFTP server resides.
5. What can a network administrator do to recover from a lost router password?
use the copy tftp: flash: command
boot the router to bootROM mode and enter the b command to load the IOS manually
telnet from another router and issue the show running-config command to view the password
**boot the router to ROM monitor mode and configure the router to ignore the startup configuration when it initializes
6. Which combination of authentication and Layer 2 protocol should be used to establish a link between a Cisco and a non-Cisco router without sending authentication information in plain text?
CHAP and HDLC
**CHAP and PPP
PAP and HDLC
PAP and PPP
7. Refer to the exhibit. Which statement correctly describes how Router1 processes an FTP request that enters interface s0/0/0 and is destined for an FTP server at IP address 192.168.1.5?
The router matches the incoming packet to the statement that was created by the access-list 201 deny icmp 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 any command, continues comparing the packet to the remaining statements in ACL 201 to ensure that no subsequent statements allow FTP, and then the router drops the packet.
The router reaches the end of ACL 101 without matching a condition and drops the packet because there is no statement that was created by the access-list 101 permit ip any any command.
**The router matches the incoming packet to the statement that was created by the access-list 101 permit ip any 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 command and allows the packet into the router.
It matches the incoming packet to the statement that was created by the access-list 201 permit ip any any command and allows the packet into the router.
8. Which three statements accurately describe attributes of a security policy? (Choose three.)
**It creates a basis for legal action if necessary.
It should not be altered once it is implemented.
**It defines a process for managing security violations.
It focuses primarily on threats from outside of the organization.
**It defines acceptable and unacceptable use of network resources.
It provides step-by-step procedures to harden routers and other network devices.
9. Refer to the exhibit. The network administrator creates a standard access control list on Router1 to prohibit traffic from the 172.16.1.0/24 network from reaching the 172.16.2.0/24 network while still permitting Internet access for all networks. On which router interface and in which direction should it be applied?
interface Fa0/0, inbound
interface Fa0/0, outbound
interface Fa0/1, inbound
**interface Fa0/1, outbound
10. Refer to the exhibit. Why are the routers unable to establish a PPP session?
**The usernames are misconfigured.
The IP addresses are on different subnets.
The clock rate is configured on the wrong end of the link.
The CHAP passwords must be different on the two routers.
Interface serial 0/0/0 on Router1 must connect to interface serial 0/0/1 on Router2.
11. What are two main components of data confidentiality? (Choose two.)
checksum
digital certificates
**encapsulation
**encryption
hashing
12. A technician is talking to a colleague at a rival company and comparing DSL transfer rates between the two companies. Both companies are in the same city, use the same service provider, and have the same rate/service plan. What is the explanation for why company 1 reports higher download speeds than company 2 reports?
Company 1 only uses microfilters at branch locations.
Company 1 has a lower volume of POTS traffic than company 2 has.
**Company 2 is located farther from the service provider than company 1 is.
Company 2 shares the connection to the DSLAM with more clients than company 1 shares with.
13. What is the result when the command permit tcp 192.168.4.0 0.0.3.255 any eq 23 is entered in a named access control list and applied on the inbound interface of a router?
All traffic from 192.168.4.0/24 larger than 23 bytes is permitted.
FTP traffic from the 192.168.4.0/24 network is permitted.
TCP traffic destined to 192.168.4.0/24 network is permitted.
**Telnet traffic originating from 192.168.4.0/22 is permitted out.
14. What are two major characteristics of a worm? (Choose two.)
**exploits known vulnerabilities
attaches itself to another program
executed by a predefined time or event
masquerades as an accepted program
**copies itself to the host and selects new targets
15. While configuring a Frame Relay connection, when should a static Frame Relay map be used?
the remote router is a non-Cisco router
the local router is configured with subinterfaces
**broadcast traffic and multicast traffic over the PVC must be controlled
globally significant rather than locally significant DLCIs are being used
16. A system administrator must provide Internet connectivity for ten hosts in a small remote office. The ISP has assigned two public IP addresses to this remote office. How can the system administrator configure the router to provide Internet access to all ten users at the same time?
Configure static NAT.
Configure dynamic NAT.
Configure static NAT with overload.
**Configure dynamic NAT with overload.
17. Refer to the exhibit. Which DHCP requests will R1 answer?
all DHCP requests that R1 receives
requests that are broadcast to 10.0.1.255
DNS requests with a destination of 10.0.1.3
**requests that are received on the FastEthernet 0/0 interface
requests that come from any networks that are not listed as excluded
18. What are the symptoms when the s0/0/0 interface on a router is attached to an operational CSU/DSU that is generating a clock signal, but the far end router on the point-to-point link has not been activated?
show controllers indicates cable type DCE V.35. show interfaces s0/0/0 indicates serial down, line protocol down.
show controllers indicates cable type DCE V.35. show interfaces s0/0/0 indicates serial up, line protocol down.
**show controllers indicates cable type DTE V.35. show interfaces s0/0/0 indicates serial up, line protocol down.
show controllers indicates cable type DTE V.35. show interfaces s0/0/0 indicates serial down, line protocol down.
19. A technician has been asked to run Cisco SDM one-step lockdown on the router of a customer. What will be the result of this process?
Traffic is only forwarded from SDM-trusted Cisco routers.
Security testing is performed and the results are saved as a text file stored in NVRAM.
**The router is tested for potential security problems and any necessary changes are made.
All traffic entering the router is quarantined and checked for viruses before being forwarded.
20. Refer to the exhibit. A network administrator has issued the commands that are shown on Router1 and Router2. A later review of the routing tables reveals that neither router is learning the LAN network of the neighbor router. What is most likely the problem with the RIPng configuration?
The serial interfaces are in different subnets.
**The RIPng process is not enabled on interfaces.
The RIPng processes do not match between Router1 and Router2.
The RIPng network command is missing from the IPv6 RIP configuration.
21. Refer to the exhibit. Which statement is true about the Frame Relay connection?
The Frame Relay connection is in the process of negotiation.
**A congestion control mechanism is enabled on the Frame Relay connection.
The “ACTIVE” status of the Frame Relay connection indicates that the network is experiencing congestion.
Only control FECN and BECN bits are sent over the Frame Relay connection. No data traffic traverses the link.
22. When configuring a Frame Relay connection, what is the purpose of Inverse ARP?
to assign a DLCI to a remote peer
to disable peer requests from determining local Layer 3 addresses
to negotiate LMI encapsulations between local and remote Frame Relay peers
**to create a mapping of DLCI to Layer 3 addresses that belong to remote peers
23. When NAT is in use, what is used to determine the addresses that can be translated on a Cisco router?
**access control list
routing protocol
inbound interface
ARP cache
24. An administrator is configuring a dual stack router with IPv6 and IPv4 using RIPng. The administrator receives an error message when trying to enter the IPv4 routes into RIPng. What is the cause of the problem?
When IPv4 and IPv6 are configured on the same interface, all IPv4 addresses are over-written in favor of the newer technology.
Incorrect IPv4 addresses are entered on the router interfaces.
RIPng is incompatible with dual-stack technology.
**IPv4 is incompatible with RIPng.
25. Refer to the exhibit. Router1 is not able to communicate with its peer that is connected to this interface. Based on the output as shown, what is the most likely cause?
interface reset
**unplugged cable
improper LMI type
PPP negotiation failure
26. Which two functions are provided by the Local Management Interface (LMI) that is used in Frame Relay networks? (Choose two.)
**simple flow control
error notification
congestion notification
mapping of DLCIs to network addresses
**exchange of information about the status of virtual circuits
27. Refer to the exhibit. A technician issues the show interface s0/0/0 command on R1 while troubleshooting a network problem. What two conclusions can be determined by from the output shown? (Choose two.)
**The bandwidth has been set to the value of a T1 line.
This interface should be configured for PPP encapsulation.
**There is no failure indicated in an OSI Layer 1 or Layer 2.
The physical connection between the two routers has failed.
The IP address of S0/0/0 is invalid, given the subnet mask being used.
28. Refer to the exhibit. Which statement is true about the CSU/DSU device?
It connects asynchronous devices to a LAN or WAN through network and terminal emulation software.
It uses a multiport internetworking device to switch traffic such as Frame Relay, ATM, or X.25 over the WAN.
**It provides termination for the digital signal and ensures connection integrity through error correction and line monitoring.
It converts the digital signals produced by a computer into voice frequencies that can be transmitted over the analog lines of the public telephone network.
29. Where does a service provider assume responsibility from a customer for a WAN connection?
local loop
DTE cable on router
**demarcation point
demilitarized zone
30. What are two LCP options that can be configured for PPP? (Choose two.)
EAP
**CHAP
IPCP
CDPCP
**stacker
31. Refer to the exhibit. What is placed in the address field in the header of a frame that will travel from the DC router to the Orlando router?
DLCI 123
**DLCI 321
10.10.10.25
10.10.10.26
MAC address of the Orlando router
32. Which two statements are true about creating and applying access lists? (Choose two.)
**There is an implicit deny at the end of all access lists.
**One access list per port, per protocol, per direction is permitted.
Access list entries should filter in the order from general to specific.
The term "inbound" refers to traffic that enters the network from the router interface where the ACL is applied.
Standard ACLs should be applied closest to the source while extended ACLs should be applied closest to the destination.
33. Which statement is true about wildcard masks?
Inverting the subnet mask will always create the wildcard mask.
The wildcard mask performs the same function as a subnet mask.
A network or subnet bit is identified by a "1" in the wildcard mask.
**IP address bits that must be checked are identified by a "0" in the wildcard mask.
34. Refer to the exhibit. A host connected to Fa0/0 is unable to acquire an IP address from this DHCP server. The output of the debug ip dhcp server command shows "DHCPD: there is no address pool for 192.168.1.1". What is the problem?
The 192.168.1.1 address has not been excluded from the DHCP pool.
**The pool of addresses for the 192Network pool is incorrect.
The default router for the 192Network pool is incorrect.
The 192.168.1.1 address is already configured on Fa0/0.
35.Refer to the exhibit. A network administrator is tasked with completing the Frame Relay topology that interconnects two remote sites. How should the point-to-point subinterfaces be configured on HQ to complete the topology?
frame-relay interface-dlci 103 on Serial 0/0/0.1
frame-relay interface-dlci 203 on Serial 0/0/0.2
**frame-relay interface-dlci 301 on Serial 0/0/0.1
frame-relay interface-dlci 302 on Serial 0/0/0.2
frame-relay map ip 192.168.1.1 103 broadcast on Serial 0/0/0.1
frame-relay map ip 192.168.2.2 203 broadcast on Serial 0/0/0.2
frame-relay map ip 192.168.1.1 301 broadcast on Serial 0/0/0.1
frame-relay map ip 192.168.2.2 302 broadcast on Serial 0/0/0.2
36. What are two effective measures for securing routers? (Choose two.)
Protect all active router interfaces by configuring them as passive interfaces.
Configure remote administration through VTY lines for Telnet access.
**Use quotes or phrases to create pass phrases.
**Disable the HTTP server service.
Enable SNMP traps.
37. A network administrator is instructing a technician on best practices for applying ACLs. Which suggestion should the administrator provide?
Named ACLs are less efficient than numbered ACLs.
Standard ACLs should be applied closest to the core layer.
ACLs applied to outbound interfaces are the most efficient.
**Extended ACLs should be applied closest to the source that is specified by the ACL.
38. Refer to the exhibit. RIPv2 has been configured on all routers in the network. Routers R1 and R3 do not receive RIP routing updates. On the basis of the provided configuration, what should be enabled on router R2 to remedy the problem?
proxy ARP
CDP updates
SNMP services
**RIP authentication
39. Refer to the exhibit. Partial results of the show access-lists and show ip interface FastEthernet 0/1 commands for router Router1 are shown. There are no other ACLs in effect. Host A is unable to telnet to host B. Which action will correct the problem but still restrict other traffic between the two networks?
Apply the ACL in the inbound direction.
Apply the ACL on the FastEthernet 0/0 interface.
**Reverse the order of the TCP protocol statements in the ACL.
Modify the second entry in the list to permit tcp host 172.16.10.10 any eq telnet .
40. What will be the result of adding the command ip dhcp excluded-address 192.168.24.1 192.168.24.5 to the configuration of a local router that has been configured as a DHCP server?
Traffic that is destined for 192.168.24.1 and 192.168.24.5 will be dropped by the router.
Traffic will not be routed from clients with addresses between 192.168.24.1 and 192.168.24.5.
**The DHCP server will not issue the addresses ranging from 192.168.24.1 to 192.168.24.5.
The router will ignore all traffic that comes from the DHCP servers with addresses 192.168.24.1 and 192.168.24.5.
41. Refer to the exhibit. What can be concluded from the exhibited output of the debug ip nat command?
The 10.10.10.75 host is exchanging packets with the 192.168.0.10 host.
The native 10.1.200.254 address is being translated to 192.168.0.10.
**The 192.168.0.0/24 network is the inside network.
Port address translation is in effect.
42. Refer to the exhibit. Company ABC expanded its business and recently opened a new branch office in another country. IPv6 addresses have been used for the company network. The data servers Server1 and Server2 run applications which require end-to-end functionality, with unmodified packets that are forwarded from the source to the destination. The edge routers R1 and R2 support dual stack configuration. What solution should be deployed at the edge of the company network in order to successfully interconnect both offices?
a new WAN service supporting only IPv6
NAT overload to map inside IPv6 addresses to outside IPv4 address
**a manually configured IPv6 tunnel between the edge routers R1 and R2
static NAT to map inside IPv6 addresses of the servers to an outside IPv4 address and dynamic NAT for the rest of the inside IPv6 addresses
43. A network administrator has changed the VLAN configurations on his network switches over the past weekend. How can the administrator determine if the additions and changes improved performance and availability on the company intranet?
**Conduct a performance test and compare with the baseline that was established previously.
Interview departmental secretaries and determine if they think load time for web pages has improved.
Determine performance on the intranet by monitoring load times of company web pages from remote sites.
Compare the hit counts on the company web server for the current week to the values that were recorded in previous weeks.
44. Refer to the exhibit. From the output of the show interfaces and ping commands, at which layer of the OSI model is a fault indicated?
application
transport
**network
data link
physical
45. While troubleshooting a problem with an e-mail server, an administrator observes that the switch port used by the server shows "up, line protocol up". The administrator cannot ping the server. At which layer of the OSI model is the problem most likely to be found?
application layer
**network layer
data link layer
physical layer
46. Which variable is permitted or denied by a standard access control list?
protocol type
**source IP address
source MAC address
destination IP address
destination MAC address
47. A technician is editing and reapplying ACL 115 to a router, what is the result of adding the command access-list 115 permit tcp any 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255 established to the ACL when it is reapplied to the router?
All traffic that comes from 172.16.0.0/16 will be allowed.
All TCP traffic that is destined for 172.16.0.0/16 is permitted.
Any SYN packets that are sent to 172.16.0.0/16 will be permitted.
**Responses to traffic that originates from the 172.16.0.0/16 network are allowed.
48. Because of a remote-procedure call failure, a user is unable to access an NFS server. At what layer of the TCP/IP model does this problem occur?
network layer
data link layer
physical layer
**application layer
49. Refer to the exhibit. Communication between two peers has failed. Based on the output that is shown, what is the most likely cause?
interface reset
unplugged cable
improper LMI type
**PPP negotiation failure
50. Which encapsulation protocol when deployed on a Cisco router over a serial interface is only compatible with another Cisco router?
PPP
SLIP
**HDLC
Frame Relay
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